英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)特點(diǎn)和用法
學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)要從基礎(chǔ)開始入門,在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中掌握學(xué)習(xí)方法可以有效提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。下面,滬江小編給大家整理了英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)入門需要掌握的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特點(diǎn)和用法,大家可以作為學(xué)習(xí)的參考。
一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式
1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式, 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成,be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例,各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為:
1) am/is/are +done (過(guò)去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2) has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3) am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
例A new cinema is being built here.
4) was/were done 一般過(guò)去時(shí)
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5) had been done 過(guò)去完成時(shí)
例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6) was/were being done 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
例A meeting was being held when I was there.
7) shall/will be done 一般將來(lái)時(shí)
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8) should/would be done 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9) shall/will have been done 將來(lái)完成時(shí)(少用)
例The project will have been completed before July.
2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式
1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ),其余不動(dòng)。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4)在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí),在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組,如“動(dòng)詞+介詞”,“動(dòng)詞+副詞”等,也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體,不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
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