中華人民共和國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)法

Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China

第一條? 為保護(hù)和改善生活環(huán)境與生態(tài)環(huán)境，防治污染和其他公害，保障人體健康，促進(jìn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的發(fā)展，制定本法。

Article 1. This Law is formulated for the purpose of protecting and improving people's environment and the ecological environment, preventing and controlling pollution and other public hazards, safeguarding human health and facilitating the development of socialist modernization.

?

??? 第二條? 本法所稱環(huán)境，是指影響人類生存和發(fā)展的各種天然的和經(jīng)過(guò)人工改造的自然因素的總體，包括大氣、水、海洋、土地、礦藏、森林、草原、野生生物、自然遺跡、人文遺跡、自然保護(hù)區(qū)、風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)、城市和鄉(xiāng)村等。

?

Article 2. " Environment " as used in this Law refers to the total body of all natural elements and artificially transformed natural elements affecting human existence and development, which includes the atmosphere, water, seas, land, minerals, forests, grasslands, wildlife, natural and human remains, nature reserves, historic sites and scenic spots, and urban and rural areas.

?

??? 第三條? 本法適用于中華人民共和國(guó)領(lǐng)域和中華人民共和國(guó)管轄的其他海域。

?

Article 3. This Law shall apply to the territory of the People's Republic of China and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China.

?

??? 第四條? 國(guó)家制定的環(huán)境保護(hù)規(guī)劃必須納入國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃，國(guó)家采取有利于環(huán)境保護(hù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)政策和措施，使環(huán)境保護(hù)工作同經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和社會(huì)發(fā)展相協(xié)調(diào)。

?

Article 4. The plans for environmental protection formulated by the state must be incorporated into the national economic and social development plans; the state shall adopt economic and technological policies and measures favourable for environmental protection so as to coordinate the work of environmental protection with economic construction and social development.

?

??? 第五條? 國(guó)家鼓勵(lì)環(huán)境保護(hù)科學(xué)教育事業(yè)的發(fā)展，加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)科學(xué)技術(shù)的研究和開(kāi)發(fā)，提高環(huán)境保護(hù)科學(xué)技術(shù)水平，普及環(huán)境保護(hù)的科學(xué)知識(shí)。

?

Article 5. The state shall encourage the development of education in the science of environmental protection, strengthen the study and development of the science and technology of environmental protection, raise the scientific and technological level of environmental protection and popularize scientific knowledge of environmental protection.

?

??? 第六條? 一切單位和個(gè)人都有保護(hù)環(huán)境的義務(wù)，并有權(quán)對(duì)污染和破壞環(huán)境的單位和個(gè)人進(jìn)行檢舉和控告。

?

Article 6. All units and individuals shall have the obligation to protect the environment and shall have the right to report on or file charges against units or individuals that cause pollution or damage to the environment.

?

??? 第七條? 國(guó)務(wù)院環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門，對(duì)全國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)工作實(shí)施統(tǒng)一監(jiān)督管理。

?

Article 7. The competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council shall conduct unified supervision and management of the environmental protection work throughout the country.

?

??? 縣級(jí)以上地方人民政府環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門，對(duì)本轄區(qū)的環(huán)境保護(hù)工作實(shí)施統(tǒng)一監(jiān)督管理。

?

The competent departments of environmental protection administration of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall conduct unified supervision and management of the environmental protection work within areas under their jurisdiction.

?

??? 國(guó)家海洋行政主管部門、港務(wù)監(jiān)督、漁政漁港監(jiān)督、軍隊(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)部門和各級(jí)公安、交通、鐵道、民航管理部門，依照有關(guān)法律的規(guī)定對(duì)環(huán)境污染防治實(shí)施監(jiān)督管理。

?

The state administrative department of marine affairs, the harbour superintendency administration, the fisheries administration and fishing harbour superintendency agencies, the environmental protection department of the armed forces and the administrative departments of public security, transportation, railways and civil aviation at various levels shall, in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws, conduct supervision and management of the prevention and control of environmental pollution.

?

??? 縣級(jí)以上人民政府的土地、礦產(chǎn)、林業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、水利行政主管部門，依照有關(guān)法律的規(guī)定對(duì)資源的保護(hù)實(shí)施監(jiān)督管理。

?

The competent administrative departments of land, minerals, forestry, agriculture and water conservancy of the people's governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws, conduct supervision and management of the protection of natural resources.

?

??? 第八條? 對(duì)保護(hù)和改善環(huán)境有顯著成績(jī)的單位和個(gè)人，由人民政府給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。

?

Article 8. The people's government shall give awards to units and individuals that have made outstanding achievements in protecting and improving the environment.

?

第二章? 環(huán)境監(jiān)督管理

?

CHAPTER II SUPERVISION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

?

??? 第九條? 國(guó)務(wù)院環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門制定國(guó)家環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

?

Article 9. The competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council shall establish the national standards for environment quality.

?

??? 省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府對(duì)國(guó)家環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中未作規(guī)定的項(xiàng)目，可以制定地方環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并報(bào)國(guó)務(wù)院環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門備案。

?

The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may establish their local standards for environment quality for items not specified in the national standards for environment quality and shall report them to the competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council for the record.

?

??? 第十條? 國(guó)務(wù)院環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門根據(jù)國(guó)家環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)條件，制定國(guó)家污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

?

Article 10. The competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council shall, in accordance with the national standards for environment quality and the country's economic and technological conditions, establish the national standards for the discharge of pollutants.

?

??? 省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府對(duì)國(guó)家污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中未作規(guī)定的項(xiàng)目，可以制定地方污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；對(duì)國(guó)家污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中已作規(guī)定的項(xiàng)目，可以制定嚴(yán)于國(guó)家污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的地方污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。地方污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)須報(bào)國(guó)務(wù)院環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門備案。

?

The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may establish their local standards for the discharge of pollutants for items not specified in the national standards; with regard to items already specified in the national standards, they may set local standards which are more stringent than the national standards and report the same to the competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council for the record.

?

??? 凡是向已有地方污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的區(qū)域排放污染物的，應(yīng)當(dāng)執(zhí)行地方污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

?

Units that discharge pollutants in areas where the local standards for the discharge of pollutants have been established shall observe such local standards.

?

??? 第十一條? 國(guó)務(wù)院環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門建立監(jiān)測(cè)制度，制定監(jiān)測(cè)規(guī)范，會(huì)同有關(guān)部門組織監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，加強(qiáng)對(duì)環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)的管理。

?

Article 11. The competent department of environmental protection administration under the State Council shall establish a monitoring system, formulate the monitoring norm and, in conjunction with relevant departments, organize a monitoring network and strengthen the management of environmental monitoring.

?

??? 國(guó)務(wù)院和省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府的環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門，應(yīng)當(dāng)定期發(fā)布環(huán)境狀況公報(bào)。

?

?The competent departments of environmental protection administration under the State Council and governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall regularly issue bulletins on environmental situations.

?

??? 第十二條? 縣級(jí)以上人民政府環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門，應(yīng)當(dāng)會(huì)同有關(guān)部門對(duì)管轄范圍內(nèi)的環(huán)境狀況進(jìn)行調(diào)查和評(píng)價(jià)，擬訂環(huán)境保護(hù)規(guī)劃，經(jīng)計(jì)劃部門綜合平衡后，報(bào)同級(jí)人民政府批準(zhǔn)實(shí)施。

?

Article 12. The competent departments of environmental protection administration of the people's governments at or above the county level shall, in conjunction with relevant departments, make an investigation and an assessment of the environmental situation within areas under their jurisdiction, draw up plans for environmental protection which shall, subject to overall balancing by the department of planning, be submitted to the people' s government at the same level for approval before implementation.

?

??? 第十三條? 建設(shè)污染環(huán)境的項(xiàng)目，必須遵守國(guó)家有關(guān)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目環(huán)境保護(hù)管理的規(guī)定。

?

Article 13. Units constructing projects that cause pollution to the environment must observe the state provisions concerning environmental protection for such construction projects.

?

??? 建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的環(huán)境影響報(bào)告書(shū)，必須對(duì)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)生的污染和對(duì)環(huán)境的影響作出評(píng)價(jià)，規(guī)定防治措施，經(jīng)項(xiàng)目主管部門預(yù)審并依照規(guī)定的程序報(bào)環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門批準(zhǔn)。

?

The environmental impact statement on a construction project must assess the pollution the project is likely to produce and its impact on the environment and stipulate the preventive and curative measures; the statement shall, after initial examination by the authorities in charge of the construction project, be submitted by specified procedure to the competent department of environmental protection administration for approval.

?

環(huán)境影響報(bào)告書(shū)經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)后，計(jì)劃部門方可批準(zhǔn)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)。

?

The department of planning shall not ratify the design plan descriptions of the construction project until after the environmental impact statement on the construction project is approved.

?

??? 第十四條? 縣級(jí)以上人民政府環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門或者其他依照法律規(guī)定行使環(huán)境監(jiān)督管理權(quán)的部門，有權(quán)對(duì)管轄范圍內(nèi)的排污單位進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢查。

?

Article 14. The competent departments of environmental protection administration of the people's governments at or above the county level or other departments invested by law with power to conduct environmental supervision and management shall be empowered to make on-site inspections of units under their jurisdiction that discharge pollutants.

?

被檢查的單位應(yīng)當(dāng)如實(shí)反映情況，提供必要的資料。檢查機(jī)關(guān)應(yīng)當(dāng)為被檢查的單位保守技術(shù)秘密和業(yè)務(wù)秘密。

?

The units being inspected shall truthfully report the situation to them and provide them with the necessary information. The inspecting authorities shall keep confidential the technological know-how and business secrets of the units inspected.

?

??? 第十五條? 跨行政區(qū)的環(huán)境污染和環(huán)境破壞的防治工作，由有關(guān)地方人民政府協(xié)商解決，或者由上級(jí)人民政府協(xié)調(diào)解決，作出決定。

?

Article 15. Work for the prevention and control of the environmental pollution and damage that involve various administrative areas shall be conducted by the relevant local people's governments through negotiation, or by decision of the people's government at a higher level through mediation.

?

第三章? 保護(hù)和改善環(huán)境

?

CHAPTER III PROTECTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

?

??? 第十六條? 地方各級(jí)人民政府，應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)本轄區(qū)的環(huán)境質(zhì)量負(fù)責(zé)，采取措施改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量。

?

Article 16. The local people's governments at various levels shall be responsible for the environment quality of areas under their jurisdiction and take measures to improve the environment quality.

?

??? 第十七條? 各級(jí)人民政府對(duì)具有代表性的各種類型的自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)區(qū)域，珍稀、瀕危的野生動(dòng)植物自然分布區(qū)域，重要的水源涵養(yǎng)區(qū)域，具有重大科學(xué)文化價(jià)值的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、著名溶洞和化石分布區(qū)、冰川、火山、溫泉等自然遺跡，以及人文遺跡、古樹(shù)名木，應(yīng)當(dāng)采取措施加以保護(hù)，嚴(yán)禁破壞。

?

Article 17. The people's governments at various levels shall take measures to protect regions representing various types of natural ecological systems, regions with a natural distribution of rare and endangered wild animals and plants, regions where major sources of water are conserved, geological structures of major scientific and cultural value, famous regions where karst caves and fossil deposits are distributed, traces of glaciers, volcanoes and hot springs, traces of human history, and ancient and precious trees. Damage to the above shall be strictly forbidden.

?

??? 第十八條? 在國(guó)務(wù)院、國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)主管部門和省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府劃定的風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)、自然保護(hù)區(qū)和其他需要特別保護(hù)的區(qū)域內(nèi)，不得建設(shè)污染環(huán)境的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)設(shè)施；建設(shè)其他設(shè)施，其污染物排放不得超過(guò)規(guī)定的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

?

Article 18. Within the scenic spots or historic sites, nature reserves and other zones that need special protection, as designated by the State Council, the relevant competent department under the State Council, and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, no industrial production installations that cause environmental pollution shall be built; other installations to be built in these areas must not exceed the prescribed standards for the discharge of pollutants.

?

已經(jīng)建成的設(shè)施，其污染物排放超過(guò)規(guī)定的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，限期治理。

?

If the installations that have been built discharge more pollutants than are specified by the prescribed discharge standards, such pollution shall be eliminated or controlled within a prescribed period of time.

?

??? 第十九條? 開(kāi)發(fā)利用自然資源，必須采取措施保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境。

?

Article 19. Measures must be taken to protect the ecological environment while natural resources are being developed or utilized.

?

??? 第二十條? 各級(jí)人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境的保護(hù)，防治土壤污染、土地沙化、鹽漬化、貧瘠化、沼澤化、地面沉降和防治植被破壞、水土流失、水源枯竭、種源滅絕以及其他生態(tài)失調(diào)現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生和發(fā)展，推廣植物病蟲(chóng)害的綜合防治，合理使用化肥、農(nóng)藥及植物生長(zhǎng)激素。

?

Article 20. The people's governments at various levels shall provide better protection for the agricultural environment by preventing and controlling soil pollution, the desertification and alkalization of land, the impoverishment of soil, the deterioration of land into marshes, earth subsidence, the damage of vegetation, soil erosion, the drying up of sources of water , the extinction of species and the occurence and development of other ecological imbalances, by extending the scale of a comprehensive prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, and by promoting a rational application of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and plant growth hormone.