第一百六十一條 依照本章程序?qū)徖淼陌讣?，?shí)行一審終審。

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"Article 161 In cases tried in accordance with the procedure provided in this Chapter, the judgment of first instance shall be final . "

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選民資格案件或者重大、疑難的案件，由審判員組成合議庭審理；其他案件由審判員一人獨(dú)任審理。

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"A collegial panel of judges shall be formed for the trial of any case in involving the qualification of voters or of any major, difficult or complicated case; other cases shall be tried by a single judge alone."

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第一百六十二條 人民法院在依照本章程序?qū)徖戆讣倪^(guò)程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)本案屬于民事權(quán)益爭(zhēng)議的，應(yīng)當(dāng)裁定終結(jié)特別程序，并告知利害關(guān)系人可以另行起訴。

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"Article 162 If a people's court, while trying a case in accordance with the procedure provided in this Chapter, finds that the case involves a civil dispute over rights and interests, it shall make a written order to terminate the special procedure and inform the interested parties to otherwise institute and action."

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第一百六十三條 人民法院適用特別程序?qū)徖淼陌讣?，?yīng)當(dāng)在立案之日起三十日內(nèi)或者公告期滿后三十日內(nèi)審結(jié)。

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Article 163 A people's court trying a case in which special procedure is followed shall conclude the case within 30 days after placing the case on the docket or within 30 days after expiration of the period stated in the public notice.

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有特殊情況需要延長(zhǎng)的，由本院院長(zhǎng)批準(zhǔn)。但審理選民資格的案件除外。

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" Any extension of the time limit necessitated by special circumstances shall be subject to the approval of the president of the court, excepting, however, a case concerning the qualification of voters."

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第二節(jié) 選民資格案件

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Section 2 Cases Concerning the Qualification of Voters

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第一百六十四條 公民不服選舉委員會(huì)對(duì)選民資格的申訴所作的處理決定，可以在選舉日的五日以前向選區(qū)所在地基層人民法院起訴。

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"Article 164 If a citizen refuses to accept an election committee's decision on an appeal concerning his voting qualification, he may, five days before the election day, bring a suit in the basic people's court located in the electoral district."

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第一百六十五條 人民法院受理選民資格案件后，必須在選舉日前審結(jié)。

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"Article 165 After entertaining a case concerning voting qualification, a people's court must conclude the trial before the election day."

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審理時(shí)，起訴人、選舉委員會(huì)的代表和有關(guān)公民必須參加。

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"The party who brings the suit, the representative of the election committee and other citizens concerned must participate in the proceedings."

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人民法院的判決書(shū)，應(yīng)當(dāng)在選舉日前送達(dá)選舉委員會(huì)和起訴人，并通知有關(guān)公民。

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The written judgment of the people's court shall be served on the election committee and the party who brings the suit before the election day; other citizens concerned shall be notified of the judgment.

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第三節(jié) 宣告失蹤、宣告死亡案件

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Section 3 Cases Concerning the Declaration of a Person as Missing or Dead

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第一百六十六條 公民下落不明滿二年，利害關(guān)系人申請(qǐng)宣告其失蹤的，向下落不明人住所地基層人民法院提出。

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"Article 166 With respect to a citizen whose whereabouts are unknown for two years in full, if the interested party applies for declaring the person as missing, the application shall be filed with the basic people's court in the locality where the missing person has his domicile."

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申請(qǐng)書(shū)應(yīng)當(dāng)寫(xiě)明失蹤的事實(shí)、時(shí)間和請(qǐng)求，并附有公安機(jī)關(guān)或者其他有關(guān)機(jī)關(guān)關(guān)于該公民下落不明的書(shū)面證明。

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The application shall clearly state the facts and time of the disappearance of the person missing as well as the motion; documentary evidence from a public security organ or other relevant organs concerning the disappearance of the citizen shall be appended to the application.

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第一百六十七條 公民下落不明滿四年，或者因意外事故下落不明滿二年，或者因意外事故下落不明，經(jīng)有關(guān)機(jī)關(guān)證明該公民不可能生存，利害關(guān)系人申請(qǐng)宣告其死亡的，向下落不明人住所地基層人民法院提出。

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"Article 167 With respect to a citizen whose whereabouts are unknown for four years in full or whose whereabouts are unknown for two years in full after an accident in which he was involved, or with respect to a citizen whose whereabouts are unknown after such an accident, and, upon proof furnished by the relevant authorities that it is impossible for him to survive, if the interested party applies for declaring such person as dead, the application shall be filed with the basic people's court in the locality where the missing person has his domicile."

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申請(qǐng)書(shū)應(yīng)當(dāng)寫(xiě)明下落不明的事實(shí)、時(shí)間和請(qǐng)求，并附有公安機(jī)關(guān)或者其他有關(guān)機(jī)關(guān)關(guān)于該公民下落不明的書(shū)面證明。

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The application shall clearly state the facts and time of the disappearance as well as the motion; documentary evidence from a public security organ or other relevant organs concerning the disappearance of the citizen shall be appended to the application.

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第一百六十八條 人民法院受理宣告失蹤、宣告死亡案件后，應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)出尋找下落不明人的公告。

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"Article 168 After entertaining a case concerning the declaration of a person as missing or dead, the people's court shall issue a public notice in search of the person missing. "

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宣告失蹤的公告期間為三個(gè)月，宣告死亡的公告期間為一年。

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"The period of the public notice for declaring a person as missing shall be three months, and that for declaring a person as dead shall be one year. "

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因意外事故下落不明，經(jīng)有關(guān)機(jī)關(guān)證明該公民不可能生存的，宣告死亡的公告期間為三個(gè)月。

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"Where a citizen's whereabouts are unknown after an accident in which he was involved and, upon proof furnished by the relevant authorities that it is impossible for him to survive, the period of the public notice for proclaiming such person as dead shall be three months."

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公告期間屆滿，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)被宣告失蹤、宣告死亡的事實(shí)是否得到確認(rèn)，作出宣告失蹤、宣告死亡的判決或者駁回申請(qǐng)的判決。

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"On the expiration of the period of the public notice, the people's court shall, depending on whether the fact of the missing or death of the person has been confirmed, make a judgment declaring the person missing or dead or make a judgment rejecting the application."

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第一百六十九條 被宣告失蹤、宣告死亡的公民重新出現(xiàn)，經(jīng)本人或者利害關(guān)系人申請(qǐng)，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)作出新判決，撤銷(xiāo)原判決。

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"Article 169 If a person who has been declared missing or dead by a people's court reappears, the people's court shall, upon the application of that person or of an interested party, make a new judgment and annul the previous one."

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第四節(jié) 認(rèn)定公民無(wú)民事行為能力、限制民事行為能力案件

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Section 4 Cases Concerning the Adjudgment of Legal Incapacity or Restricted Legal Capacity of Citizens

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第一百七十條 申請(qǐng)認(rèn)定公民無(wú)民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力，由其近親屬或者其他利害關(guān)系人向該公民住所地基層人民法院提出。

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Article 170 An application for adjudgment of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity of a citizen shall be filed by the citizen's near relatives or any other interested party with the basic people's court in the locality where the citizen has his domicile.

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申請(qǐng)書(shū)應(yīng)當(dāng)寫(xiě)明該公民無(wú)民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力的事實(shí)和根據(jù)。

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The application shall clearly state the fact and grounds of the citizen's legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity.

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第一百七十一條 人民法院受理申請(qǐng)后，必要時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)被請(qǐng)求認(rèn)定為無(wú)民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力的公民進(jìn)行鑒定。

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"Article 171 After accepting such an application, the people's court shall, when necessary, have an expert evaluation of the citizen of whom the determination of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity is sought; "

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申請(qǐng)人已提供鑒定結(jié)論的，應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)鑒定結(jié)論進(jìn)行審查。

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"if the applicant has already provided an evaluation conclusion, the people's court shall examine such conclusion."

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第一百七十二條 人民法院審理認(rèn)定公民無(wú)民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力的案件，應(yīng)當(dāng)由該公民的近親屬為代理人，但申請(qǐng)人除外。

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"Article 172 In the trial by the people's court of a case for the determination of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity of a citizen, a near relative of the citizen shall be his agent, the applicant being excluded."

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近親屬互相推諉的，由人民法院指定其中一人為代理人。

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"If the near relatives of the citizen shift responsibility onto one another, the people's court shall appoint one of them as agent for the citizen. "

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該公民健康情況許可的，還應(yīng)當(dāng)詢問(wèn)本人的意見(jiàn)。

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"If the citizen's condition of health permits, the people's court shall also seek the opinion of the citizen on the matter."

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人民法院經(jīng)審理認(rèn)定申請(qǐng)有事實(shí)根據(jù)的，判決該公民為無(wú)民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力人；認(rèn)定申請(qǐng)沒(méi)有事實(shí)根據(jù)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)判決予以駁回。

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"If, through the trial, the people's court finds that the application is based on facts, a judgment of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity of the citizen shall be made; if the court finds that the application is not based on facts, it shall make a judgment rejecting the application."

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第一百七十三條 人民法院根據(jù)被認(rèn)定為無(wú)民事行為能力人、限制民事行為能力人或者他的監(jiān)護(hù)人的申請(qǐng)，證實(shí)該公民無(wú)民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力的原因已經(jīng)消除的，應(yīng)當(dāng)作出新判決，撤銷(xiāo)原判決。

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"Article 173 If, upon the application of a person who has been determined as one of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity or upon the application of his guardian, the people's court confirms that the causes of that person's legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity have been eliminated, a new judgment shall be made annulling the previous one."

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第五節(jié) 認(rèn)定財(cái)產(chǎn)無(wú)主案件

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Section 5 Cases Concerning the Determination of a Property as Ownerless

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第一百七十四條 申請(qǐng)認(rèn)定財(cái)產(chǎn)無(wú)主，由公民、法人或者其他組織向財(cái)產(chǎn)所在地基層人民法院提出。

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"Article 174 An application for determining a property as ownerless shall be filed by a citizen, legal person or any other organization with the basic people's court in the place where the property is located."

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申請(qǐng)書(shū)應(yīng)當(dāng)寫(xiě)明財(cái)產(chǎn)的種類(lèi)、數(shù)量以及要求認(rèn)定財(cái)產(chǎn)無(wú)主的根據(jù)。

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The application shall clearly state the type and quantity of the property and the grounds on which the application for determining the property as ownerless is filed.

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第一百七十五條 人民法院受理申請(qǐng)后，經(jīng)審查核實(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)出財(cái)產(chǎn)認(rèn)領(lǐng)公告。

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"Article 175 The people's court shall, after accepting such an application and upon examination and verification of it, issue a public notice calling on the owner to claim the property. "

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公告滿一年無(wú)人認(rèn)領(lǐng)的，判決認(rèn)定財(cái)產(chǎn)無(wú)主，收歸國(guó)家或者集體所有。

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"If no one claims the property one year after the issue of the public notice, the people's court shall make a judgment determining the property as ownerless and turn it over to the State or the collective concerned."

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第一百七十六條 判決認(rèn)定財(cái)產(chǎn)無(wú)主后，原財(cái)產(chǎn)所有人或者繼承人出現(xiàn)，在民法通則規(guī)定的訴訟時(shí)效期間可以對(duì)財(cái)產(chǎn)提出請(qǐng)求，人民法院審查屬實(shí)后，應(yīng)當(dāng)作出新判決，撤銷(xiāo)原判決。

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"Article 176 If, after a property has been determined by a judgment as ownerless, the owner of the property or his successor appears, such a person may file a claim for the property within the period of limitation specified in the General Principles of the Civil Law. The people's court shall, after examination and verification of the claim, make a new judgment, annulling the previous one."

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第二編 審判程序 第十六章 審判監(jiān)督程序

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Chapter XVI Procedure for Trial Supervision

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第一百七十七條 各級(jí)人民法院院長(zhǎng)對(duì)本院已經(jīng)發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，發(fā)現(xiàn)確有錯(cuò)誤，認(rèn)為需要再審的，應(yīng)當(dāng)提交審判委員會(huì)討論決定。

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"Article 177 If the president of a people's court at any level finds definite error in a legally effective judgment or written order of his court and deems it necessary to have the case retried, he shall refer it to the judicial committee for discussion and decision."

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最高人民法院對(duì)地方各級(jí)人民法院已經(jīng)發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，上級(jí)人民法院對(duì)下級(jí)人民法院已經(jīng)發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，發(fā)現(xiàn)確有錯(cuò)誤的，有權(quán)提審或者指令下級(jí)人民法院再審。

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"If the Supreme People's Court finds definite error in a legally effective judgement or written order of a local people's court at any level, or if a people's court at a higher level finds some definite error in a legally effective judgment or written order of a people's court at a lower level, it shall respectively have the power to bring the case up for trial by itself or direct the people's court at a lower level to conduct a retrial."

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第一百七十八條 當(dāng)事人對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，認(rèn)為有錯(cuò)誤的，可以向原審人民法院或者上一級(jí)人民法院申請(qǐng)?jiān)賹彛煌Ｖ古袥Q、裁定的執(zhí)行。

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"Article 178 If a party to an action considers that there is error in a legally effective judgment or written order, he may apply to the people's court which originally tried the case or to a people's court at the next higher level for a retrial; however, execution of the judgment or order shall not be suspended."

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第一百七十九條 當(dāng)事人的申請(qǐng)符合下列情形之一的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)再審：

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"Article 179 If an application made by a party meets any of the following conditions, the people's court shall retry the case: "

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（一）有新的證據(jù)，足以推翻原判決、裁定的；

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(1) there is sufficient new evidence to set aside the original judgment or written order;

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（二）原判決、裁定認(rèn)定事實(shí)的主要證據(jù)不足的；

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(2) the main evidence on which the facts were ascertained in the original judgment or written order was insufficient;

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（三）原判決、裁定適用法律確有錯(cuò)誤的；

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(3) there was definite error in the application of the law in the original judgment or written order;

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（四）人民法院違反法定程序，可能影響案件正確判決、裁定的；

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(4) there was violation by the people's court of the legal procedure which may have affected the correctness of the judgment or written order in the case;

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（五）審判人員在審理該案件時(shí)有貪污受賄，徇私舞弊，枉法裁判行為的。

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"or (5) the judicial officers have committed embezzlement, accepted bribes, done malpractices for personal benefits and perverted the law in the adjudication of the case."

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人民法院對(duì)不符合前款規(guī)定的申請(qǐng)，予以駁回。

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The people's court shall reject the application that meets none of the conditions specified above.

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第一百八十條 當(dāng)事人對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生法律效力的調(diào)解書(shū)，提出證據(jù)證明調(diào)解違反自愿原則或者調(diào)解協(xié)議的內(nèi)容違反法律的，可以申請(qǐng)?jiān)賹彙?/p>

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"Article 180 With respect to a legally effective conciliation statement, if evidence furnished by a party proves that the conciliation violates the principle of voluntariness or that the content of the conciliation agreement violates the law, the party may apply for a retrial."

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經(jīng)人民法院審查屬實(shí)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)再審。

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" If the foregoing proves true after its examination, the people's court shall retry the case."