1.We found that when we taught participants to ask “What if?" and "How can?" questions that nobody present would know the answer to and that would spark exploration, they engaged in better inquiry at the next exhibit—asking more questions, performing more experiments and making better interpretations of their results.

句的剖析?

句子主干：We found that…

成分分析：

①第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的是found的賓語從句，該從句的主干為they engaged in better inquiry。

②句中的when引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，該從句中又含有兩個(gè)并列的定語從句that nobody present would know the answer to和that would spark exploration，一起用來修飾先行詞questions。

③破折號(hào)后面的asking more questions, performing more experiments and making better interpretations of their results進(jìn)一步解釋說明better inquiry的具體內(nèi)容。

詞的講解?

participant?? n. 參加者，參與者

exploration?? n.勘查，考察 ；研究，探究

engage????? v. 吸引

engage in??? 參加，參與

perform???? v. 表演，演出 ；執(zhí)行，履行

句的翻譯?

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)我們教參與者提出“如果？”和“如何？”這些現(xiàn)場沒有人知道答案但又會(huì)激發(fā)探索的問題時(shí)，他們在下次展覽時(shí)會(huì)更好的進(jìn)行研究—提出更多的問題，進(jìn)行更多的實(shí)驗(yàn)并對(duì)其研究結(jié)果做出更好的解釋。

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2.More than a decade ago, cognitive scientists found that what distinguished young adults from children was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called “preparation for future learning."

句的剖析?

句子主干: cognitive scientists found that…

成分分析：

①? More than a decade ago是時(shí)間狀語。

②? found 后的that 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句，其中，what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語，they called “preparation for future learning.”為省略that 的定語從句，用來修飾先行詞a quality。

詞的講解?

recession n.（經(jīng)濟(jì)）衰退，蕭條

句的翻譯?

十多年前，認(rèn)知科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，年輕人與兒童的區(qū)別并不在于記住事情或?qū)⒅皩W(xué)到的知識(shí)應(yīng)用于新情況的能力，而是在于他們稱為“為未來學(xué)習(xí)作準(zhǔn)備”的品質(zhì)。

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3.Throughout the 2008 financial crisis and the recession and recovery that followed, central banks have taken on the role of stimulators of last resort,holding up the global economy with vast amounts of money in the form of asset buying.

句的剖析?

句子主干: central banks have taken on the role of stimulators of last resort

成分分析：

①句首的Throughout引導(dǎo)的介詞短語中包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾限定the recession and recovery。

②現(xiàn)在分詞holding up…asset buying為伴隨狀語。

詞的講解?

recession? n.（經(jīng)濟(jì)）衰退，蕭條

recovery? n.恢復(fù)，復(fù)蘇

resort? n.手段

asset? n.資產(chǎn)，財(cái)產(chǎn)

句的翻譯?

在2008年經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)以及隨后的衰退和復(fù)蘇期間，中央銀行承擔(dān)了最后的經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激者的角色，通過巨額的資產(chǎn)買賣的方式擎起全球經(jīng)濟(jì)。