拿一張英語高考卷來講，讓學(xué)生覺得最沒有把握的就是綜合填空，也叫完形填空，我更喜歡把它稱之為綜合填空，因?yàn)樗菍W(xué)生語言知識和閱讀能力的綜合測試。綜合填空文章的難度和其題目的設(shè)置緊密相關(guān)，我們不妨以考核目的將高考中綜合填空20個題目分成三類，與之對應(yīng)的解題方法也有以下這三種——

一、上下文推敲

這類題目主要是對學(xué)生語言理解能力的考核，也是我們上?？季碇凶疃嘁姷囊活惪碱}。根據(jù)上文所提到的內(nèi)容來推測下文可能發(fā)生的結(jié)果，這是高三學(xué)生已經(jīng)掌握了的做題方法，而學(xué)生容易忽略的技巧是從下往上的倒推，這就是為什么我們要求學(xué)生來回看文章的道理，很多信息在后面被告知，據(jù)此來完成前面的填空。同時，對文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的理解，比方是總分的還是分總的，或總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)，也有利于提高推敲的正確性。下面我們以文章為例來理解“下上文”推敲和分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)的意義。

1.In this chapter you canfind details about more than a hundred different jobs.You are told what qualifications you need, the personal ___1___employers may expect___2____you,the duties you will have in the job, ___3___,what is good and what is not so good about the job. Don’t just look at one description,? look at any descrip－tion you think will interest you.Computer operator

2.Qualifications You will need good__4___from school in several subjects including maths and English.Most employers will test your ca －pability.___5__is on the job or you may need to go to college for further qualifications.

3.Qualities ____6___solving problems;think clearly;like machines;work well in a tem;not___7___routines;have imagination and be very accurate.

4.Duties Prepare jobs；run jobs on the computer；solve problems and correct errors；keep careful______8______of work done.

5.For You work in a very____9__indus －try；;you are well paid；there is lots of opportu－nities in the industry； there are lots of new ma－chines,and new jobs for computers.

6.___10__You may work in rooms win －dows；computer rooms can be noisy;you have to concentrate； you may work irregular hours as big computers run 24 hours a day.

??? 1.A. requirements? B. qualifications C. problems;ies

???

??? yet finally any case the whole

??? s －ommendations

??? 5.A.Education B.Training C.Teaching D.Operating

??? 6.A.Include B.Expect C.Enjoy D.Participate

??? it

??? s y

??? ng －known

??? 10.A.Notice B.On C.Opposite D.A－gainst

綜觀全文，文章結(jié)構(gòu)為總分式。第1段為總寫，第2﹑3﹑4﹑5和第6段為分點(diǎn)表述。因此2﹑3﹑4﹑5和6段段首黑體字也就是第1段所講的內(nèi)容，所以答案就很顯然，第一空格的qualities也就是第3段段首字；而第5段段首字for就對應(yīng)了第1段的whatisgood;類推得出 whatisnotsogood對應(yīng)了第6段段首字，因此答案為for的反義詞against。另外我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)for和against是最后兩點(diǎn)，因此推出第1段第3空格為B選項andfinally與之對應(yīng)。所以我們在閱讀文章時，不僅要把握細(xì)節(jié)部分，也需要把握文章的框架結(jié)構(gòu)。

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