男人
On Men
梁實(shí)秋
Liang Shiqiu
| 譯文摘自張培基《英譯中國散文選二》
男人令人首先感到的印象是臟！當(dāng)然，男人當(dāng)中亦不乏刷洗干凈潔身自好的，甚至還有油頭粉面衣冠楚楚的，但大體講來，男人消耗肥皂和水的數(shù)量要比較少些，某一男校，對(duì)于學(xué)生洗澡是強(qiáng)迫的，入浴簽名，每周計(jì)核，對(duì)于不曾入浴的初步懲罰是宣布姓名，最后的斷然處置是定期強(qiáng)迫入浴，并派員監(jiān)視，然而日久玩生，簽名 簿中尚不無浮冒情事。
What strikes us first of all in men is their uncleanliness . There are of course no lack of men who always make a point of keeping the themselves spick-and-span. And some of them even make up heavily and dress respectably. But, generally speaking, men consume a smaller quantity of soap and water than women. A certain boys' school make it compulsory for its students to take a bath regularly. Every student had to sign his name before taking a bath so that the school authorities could conduct a weekly checkup. Those who violated the regulation for the first time would have their names published. The drastic measure for those who repeat the offence was to force them to take a bath regularly under surveillance. Nevertheless abuses crept in with time. Forgery was often discovered among the signatures.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“男人令人首先感到的印象是臟”譯為What strikes us first of all in men is their uncleanliness，其中to strike 的意思是“給…以印象”，也可譯為The first impression thet men give us is their uncleaness.譯者用“否定前綴+形容詞+名詞后綴”uncleanliness 表達(dá)“臟”，使得行文意思更為確切，更突出它與clean的對(duì)比~
2，“刷洗干凈潔身自好的”即“很重視整潔”，譯為make a point of keeping the themselves spick-and-span，Make a point of 即“重視，注意”， spick-and-span意為“嶄新的，漂亮的，一塵不染的”
3，“油頭粉面衣冠楚楚的”意即“講究梳妝打扮穿著體面”故譯為make up heavily and dress respectably
4，“對(duì)于學(xué)生洗澡是強(qiáng)迫的”中“…是強(qiáng)迫的”譯為make it compulsory for sb to do sth，這種說法較force sb to do 語氣更溫和，更適合用于文學(xué)翻譯中
5，“入浴簽名，每周計(jì)核”這兩句單獨(dú)成句，有隱含的因果關(guān)系，可用so that 連接
6，“最后的斷然處置是定期強(qiáng)迫入浴，并派員監(jiān)視“譯為The drastic measure for those who repeat the offence was to force them to take a bath regularly under surveillance.注意譯者將動(dòng)詞短句”派員監(jiān)視“譯為介詞短語under surveillance ，大大縮減了句子的長度，也體現(xiàn)了散文翻譯的靈活性
7，“日久玩生“即日子長久了，種種弊病便相繼發(fā)生，因此譯為abuses crept in with time，creep in意即”悄悄產(chǎn)生“
綜述：梁先生本篇文章語言詼諧，極盡戲謔之事，風(fēng)格有點(diǎn)像第一冊(cè)的《談結(jié)婚》，文中不免采用夸張的手法，因此我們?cè)诜g“油頭粉面衣冠楚楚的“時(shí)，在不影響原文風(fēng)格的情況下，譯出基本意思即可
有些男人，西裝褲盡管挺直，他的耳后脖根，土壤肥沃，常常宜于種麥！襪子手絹不知隨時(shí)洗滌，常常日積月累，到處塞藏，等到無可使用 時(shí)，再從那一堆污垢存貨當(dāng)中揀選比較干凈的去應(yīng)急。有些男人的手絹，拿出來硬像是士灰面制的百果糕，黑糊糊粘成一團(tuán)，而且內(nèi)容豐富，男人的一雙腳，多半好像是天然的具有泡菜霉干菜再加糖蒜的味道，所謂“濯足萬里流”是有道理的，小小的一盆水確是無濟(jì)于事，然而多少男人卻連這一盆水都吝而不用;怕傷元?dú)?，兩腳既然如此之臟，偏偏有些“逐臭之夫”喜于腳上藏垢納污之處往復(fù)挖掘，然后嗅其手指，引以為樂！多少男人洗臉都是專洗本部，邊疆一概不理，洗臉完畢，手背可以不濕，有的男人是在結(jié)婚后才什始刷牙。“捫虱而談”的是男人。男人的臟大概是由于懶。
Some men, although they wear smooth-ironed Western style pants, leave much dirt behind their ears and around their necks---so much that it is good enough for growing wheat! Their unwashed socks and handkerchiefs accumulate and are left here and there in unseen corners. When no more clean ones are available, some of the less dirty ones are picked out from the filthy stock to meet an urgent need. Men' s handkerchiefs, curled up into blackened balls, look like fruit cakes made of wholemeal flour and have a very rich content of their own. Men's feet, for the most part, seen to have a distinctive smell of their own, like that or pickles, dried vegetables and sweetened garlic all mixed together. There is some truth in the saying: "The running water of a long river is good for washing one's feet." Therefore, it goes without saying that a small basin of water will hardly suffice for the same purpose. But lots of men begrudge using even a mere basin of water to wash their feet---perhaps for fear of sapping their vitality and spirit! Dirty as their feet are, some men are so eccentric as to indulge in passing their fingers repeatedly among their stinking toes and then smelling their fingers with gusto . Some men, when they wash up, they concentrate only on the face proper , without touching the rest of the head and without wetting the back of the hand. Some do not brush their teeth until after they get married. The addiction to "chatting while cracking body lice with fingernails'' is unique to men only. Probably, men's uncleanliness is due to their laziness.
要點(diǎn)：
1， smooth-ironed Western style pants意即“筆挺的西裝褲“，”筆挺的“可譯為streched,譯者譯為復(fù)合詞smooth-ironed，拉長了句子的長度，增加了讀者閱讀的時(shí)間，使得形容詞更具動(dòng)感，諷刺意味更濃~
2， “有些男人的手絹，拿出來硬像是士灰面制的百果糕，黑糊糊粘成一團(tuán)，而且內(nèi)容豐富，“譯為Men' s handkerchiefs, curled up into blackened balls, look like fruit cakes made of wholemeal flour and have a very rich content of their own（雖然看完這個(gè)整個(gè)人都不好了，可是還是要分析一下~~）譯文依然遵循了”像…”要放在最后的規(guī)則，調(diào)整語序，of their own意為“屬于他們的，他們自己的”屬增益成分，讓譯文的語義更加完整~
3， “濯足萬里流”出自晉代左思的《詠史八首》，意即“在長河中洗腳“體現(xiàn)了一種放達(dá)的人生態(tài)度~翻譯時(shí)譯者根據(jù)上下文意思，譯為The running water of a long river is good for washing one's feet，古文的翻譯，重在理解~
4， it goes without saying that…意即“毫無疑問，不言而喻“，用煩了doubt的親們可以這個(gè)豐富自己的譯文~
5， “偏偏有些“逐臭之夫”喜于腳上藏垢納污之處往復(fù)挖掘，然后嗅其手指，引以為樂“譯為some men are so eccentric as to indulge in passing their fingers repeatedly among their stinking toes and then smelling their fingers with gusto。其中”逐臭之夫“可略去不譯，因其上下文已經(jīng)體現(xiàn)了這個(gè)詞的含義；”引以為樂“修飾的是摳腳這件事，可以譯為狀語修飾整個(gè)句子~so eccentric as to是增譯部分，一是串句需要，二是增加行文的表現(xiàn)力~
6， “專洗本部“譯為concentrate only on the face proper，proper在此做副詞，譯為”精準(zhǔn)地，”屬增譯成分，突出了作者的諷刺語氣
7， “捫虱而談”意為字面意思是一面捺著虱子，一面談著，譯為The addiction to "chatting while cracking body lice with fingernails''，the addiction也是增益成分~
綜述：
適當(dāng)使用增益成分可以使譯文更加生動(dòng)形象，增加行文的表現(xiàn)力~童鞋們好好分析張爺爺?shù)淖g文，分析其形式，出現(xiàn)的時(shí)機(jī)語境，多多積累~
對(duì)了！男人懶。他可以懶洋洋坐在旋倚上，五官四肢，連同他的腦筋(假如有)，一概停止活動(dòng)，像呆鳥一般：“不聞夫博奔者乎……”那段話是專對(duì)男人說的。他若是上街買東西，很少時(shí)候能令他的妻子滿意，他總是不肯多問幾家，怕跑腿，怕費(fèi)話，怕講價(jià)錢。什么事他都嫌麻煩，除了指使別人替他做的事之外。他像殘廢人一樣，對(duì)于什么事都愿坐享其成，而名之曰“室家之樂”。
Indeed, men are lazy. You will find them lolling in a revolving chair, dumb like a wooden chicken, their five sense organs, their four limbs as well as their brain (if any) all at a complete standstill. What Confucius says all about those who eat their fill all day without doing any work obviously refers to men exclusively. When men go shopping, their wives are seldom satisfied with their purchases because they never bother to shop around never bother to do more walking and talking, never bother to bargain over prices. They hate to be bothered about anything except that which is to be done on their behalf by others. Like disabled persons they will sit idle to enjoy the fruits of other's labour. And they call all that "domestic bliss"!
要點(diǎn)：
1，“不聞夫博奔者乎……”指孔子講的一段話：“飽食終日，無所用心，難矣哉，不有博弈者乎，為之，猶賢乎已”現(xiàn)結(jié)合上下文，僅譯開頭，those who eat their fill all day without doing any work
2，“他若是上街買東西”譯為When men go shopping，簡潔，地道~
3，“他總是不肯多問幾家”譯為never bother to shop around，shop around意為“貨比三家”“逐店選購”，
4，”坐享其成” 意思為 自己不出力而享受別人取得的成果,故譯為sit idle to enjoy the fruits of other's labour
5，“室家之樂”意即家庭的樂趣，譯為domestic bliss
綜述：本段用了很多形象化的動(dòng)詞以及形容詞將男人的懶癌描寫得惟妙惟肖，比如loll， dumb，sit idle~
