學(xué)問與趣味Learning and Personal Inclination

梁實(shí)秋 Liang Shiqiu

| 譯文摘自張培基《英譯中國(guó)散文選一》

我想未必。大概趣味云云，是指年長(zhǎng)之后自動(dòng)作學(xué)問之時(shí)，在年青時(shí)候?yàn)閷W(xué)問打根底之際恐怕不能過分重視趣味。學(xué)問沒有根底，趣味也很難滋生。
No, I think not. Generally speaking, the so-called interest begins to exist only when one is mature enough to engage in independent studies. It is improper, I am afraid, for young people to overstress the importance of interest while they are still in the period of learning the basics of knowledge. Interest will never develop where no solid foundation has been laid for learning.

要點(diǎn)：
1，所謂“云云”有兩個(gè)含義：①用在引用或轉(zhuǎn)述的詞語(yǔ)后面，表示省略或者結(jié)束，②同“蕓蕓”。眾多：萬(wàn)物云云。一般是不譯的，童鞋們遇到這個(gè)詞可以不用糾結(jié)~如：It is not about the truth. It is the truth.
它的內(nèi)容并非是關(guān)于真理云云，而就是真理本身。
2，“年長(zhǎng)”此處譯為when one is mature enough,譯為mature可以指情感和認(rèn)識(shí)上的成熟，而grow up側(cè)重年齡上的長(zhǎng)大，而old又帶著些許“衰老，不再年輕”的意味~這里我們依舊可以看出翻譯用詞的精準(zhǔn)
3，“年長(zhǎng)之后自動(dòng)作學(xué)問之時(shí)“此處的”自動(dòng)“又和我們現(xiàn)在的理解不一樣額~這里作”自主，獨(dú)立”解，故譯為to engage in independent studies
4，“學(xué)問沒有根底，趣味也很難滋生。”我們很容易想到用“without句”，而張爺爺譯為Interest will never develop where no solid foundation has been laid for learning.以從句避免了分句結(jié)構(gòu)散的尷尬~足以見大師的功底~

綜述：本段“年長(zhǎng)”“自動(dòng)”都跟我們現(xiàn)在的固有的理解不太一樣~多加注意

任公先生的學(xué)問之所以那樣的博大精深，涉筆成趣，左右逢源的一大部分得力于他的學(xué)問根底之打得堅(jiān)固。我嘗見許多年青的朋友，聰明用功，成績(jī)優(yōu)異，而語(yǔ)文程度不足以達(dá)意，甚至寫一封信亦難得通順，問其故則曰其興趣不在語(yǔ)文方面。
There is no denying the fact that Mr. Liang owed his wide erudition and unusual literary talent, for the most part, to his good grasp of foundation knowledge.I have come across a great many bright and diligent young friends who have done exceedingly well in their studies, but are rather weak in Chinese. They cannot even write a letter in correct Chinese. When I asked them why, they said they were not interested in the Chinese language.

要點(diǎn)：
1，“任公先生的學(xué)問之所以…”譯為There is no denying the fact that =意為“不可否認(rèn)（的是）”，相較于用the reason why，更強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)于梁學(xué)問的認(rèn)同
2，“博大精深（指思想和學(xué)術(shù)廣博且高深），涉筆成趣（形容一動(dòng)筆就畫出或?qū)懗龊苡幸馊さ臇|西），左右逢源（指賞識(shí)廣博）“表明的都是一個(gè)意思，即”梁的學(xué)問廣博，有很高的才氣“，譯為wide erudition and unusual literary talent，很多四字語(yǔ)在一起用時(shí)都是意思的重復(fù)，找出共同意思即可
3，“成績(jī)優(yōu)異，而語(yǔ)文程度不足以達(dá)意“直接用do well in ,be weak in,簡(jiǎn)潔達(dá)意~

綜述：注意四字語(yǔ)連用時(shí)的翻譯，只譯共同意思即可~

又有一些位，執(zhí)筆為文，斐然可誦，而視數(shù)理科如仇讐，勉強(qiáng)才能及格，問其故則亦曰其興趣不在數(shù)理方面，而且他們覺得某些科目沒有趣味，便撇在一旁視如敝屣(11)，怡然自得，振振有詞，略無(wú)愧色，好像這就是發(fā)揚(yáng)趣味主義。
Some, though they can write beautifully, detest the study of mathematics and physics, and barely managed to pass the examinations in them. When I asked them why, they said they were not interested in them. They cast away whatever subjects they dislike like something utterly worthless. They are so smug and thick-skinned that they speak volubly in defence of their own attitude like champions of interest-ism.

要點(diǎn)：
1. “執(zhí)筆為文，斐然可誦”=能寫得一手好文章，依舊是找核心的意思~
2. “視數(shù)理科如仇讐”中的“仇讐”同“仇讎”意為“敵人”，意譯為detest(憎惡，痛恨)
3. “便撇在一旁視如敝屣”也可直譯為cast away…like a pair of worn-out shoes~
譯文中譯為cast away…like something utterly worthless,采取了意譯的手法，比較明白易懂~
4．一大批四字語(yǔ)又要襲來(lái)~“怡然自得，振振有詞，略無(wú)愧色，好像這就是發(fā)揚(yáng)趣味主義”譯為They are so smug and thick-skinned that they speak volubly in defence of their own attitude like champions of interest-ism.因?yàn)椤扳蛔缘茫ū疽馐歉吲d和滿足，此處作貶義，意同洋洋自得），振振有詞（自認(rèn)為有理，說個(gè)沒完），略無(wú)愧色（絲毫不感到羞愧）”的共同含義約等于沒有，需要分別翻譯，這就相當(dāng)于我們之前講到過的分句合譯了，找出邏輯關(guān)系，串聯(lián)成句~

綜述：沒有共同意思的四字語(yǔ)或成語(yǔ)連用，可以當(dāng)做分句來(lái)合譯，此外注意分別采用本段直譯和意譯的地方~

殊不知天下沒有沒有趣味的學(xué)問，端視吾人如何發(fā)掘其趣味，如果在良師指導(dǎo)之下按部就班的循序而進(jìn)，一步一步的發(fā)現(xiàn)新天地，當(dāng)然樂在其中，如果淺嘗輒止，甚至跟等躁進(jìn)，當(dāng)然味同嚼蠟，自討沒趣。
They hardly realize that there is no learning but is capable of engendering interest and that all depends on how to search for it. You will develop a liking for learning if, under the guidance of a good teacher, you study to discover new horizons opening up before you one after another by following the proper order and advancing step by step. On the other hand, you will find learning as dry as sawdust and feel frustrated if you refuse to go into a subject in depth or even make impetuous advances without following the proper order.

要點(diǎn)：
1.“殊不知”=hardly realize/know
2.” 沒有沒有趣味的學(xué)問”譯為there is no learning but is capable of engendering interest，其中but在此為關(guān)系代詞，相當(dāng)于that not,常用于否定詞后，如：No college student was there but respected the teachers.(當(dāng)時(shí))那兒沒有一個(gè)大學(xué)生是不尊重老師的。
3. “如果淺嘗輒止，甚至躐等躁進(jìn)（越級(jí);不循原有序列），當(dāng)然味同嚼蠟，自討沒趣。“譯為you will find learning as dry as sawdust（直譯） and feel frustrated（意譯） if you refuse to go into a subject in depth（意譯） or even make impetuous advances without following the proper order（意譯）.這幾個(gè)詞的意思還是有差異的，并且很明顯的有邏輯關(guān)系，可以合譯為一句~

綜述：翻譯最后一句的時(shí)候，簡(jiǎn)直生無(wú)可戀啊有沒有，論積累詞匯和中文功底的重要性！

聲明：本雙語(yǔ)文章的中文評(píng)析系滬江英語(yǔ)原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。中文評(píng)析僅代表作者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。