和其他法律文書一樣,涉外公證書的結(jié)構(gòu)也是有首部、正文和尾部三個部分組成。

第一、 公證書首部(標(biāo)題)的翻譯。(Heading)

公證書可譯作“Notarization”或“Notarial Certificate”,一般不應(yīng)做改動。具體的,比如‘畢業(yè)公證書’、‘收養(yǎng)公證書’等可以譯成‘Notarization of Diploma’和‘Notarization of Adoption’,也可以就直接譯成“Notarization”或“Notarial Certificate”

標(biāo)題翻譯過程中應(yīng)特別注意以下四個問題:

1. 標(biāo)題字母必須全部大寫(Capitalize All Letters)或大寫標(biāo)題中每個單詞的第一個字母(Capitalize the Very First Letter of Each Word);但

2. 標(biāo)題中的冠詞(Articles)及少于5個字母的連詞(Conjunctions)、介詞(Prepositions)不應(yīng)大寫,除非位于句首;

3. 標(biāo)題中不用引號(Quotation Marks)及句號(Periods);

4. 標(biāo)題要在公證書上方中央位置(Center Top);

受公證書類型限制,在公證書標(biāo)題中一般不會出現(xiàn)象“Between”這樣長的連詞或介詞。

二、公證書正文的翻譯(Body)

1.“茲證明”的翻譯:我國公證書公證詞多以“茲證明……”開頭,其英文翻譯(English Equivalent)應(yīng)該是:“This is to certify that…”

2.公證詞翻譯應(yīng)忠實(shí)于原文(Conformity)。下面是一篇翻譯不準(zhǔn)確的譯文,你能看出問題在哪里嗎?

This is to certify that Liu, who is male and was born on October 15, 1982, and Zheng, who is female and was born on October 19, 1985, registered marriage on October 1,2008 at the registration office of Civil Affairs Department, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province.

這篇譯文的問題出在時(shí)態(tài)上面。 “Registered”一詞為動詞的過去式,登記結(jié)婚的事實(shí)表明的是過去發(fā)生的事情,而不能證明現(xiàn)在的婚姻狀況。他們現(xiàn)在也許是離異(Divorced)、或者分居(Separate)等。這樣便不能滿足法言法語的周密性、準(zhǔn)確性要求。因此,筆者認(rèn)為將時(shí)態(tài)該為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),以表達(dá)“一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)”要妥一些。缺陷之二在于譯文不夠簡潔。建議改為:

This is to certify that Liu (male, born on October 15, 1982) and Zheng (female, born on October 19, 1985) have been married since on October 1, 2008 at the registration office of Civil Affairs Department, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province.

還有,有的公證員在翻譯諸如畢業(yè)證公證書時(shí),將《畢業(yè)證》等按照中文的習(xí)慣在翻譯中加上書名號,使人覺得十分滑稽。我們知道在英語中是沒有書名號的,在嚴(yán)肅的公證文書翻譯中出現(xiàn)這樣的錯誤是很可笑的。正確的方法是將漢語中應(yīng)該加書名號的部分斜寫(Italicized)、劃下劃線(Underlined)或大寫(Capitalized)

三、涉外公證書的落款(Close)

涉外公證書譯文正下方須注明:

1. 公證員(Notary)姓名和簽名(Signature)或蓋章(Stamp);

2. 公證處名稱及蓋章;

3. “中華人民共和國”(The People’s Republic of China)字樣;

4. 日期。日期的格式一般為月/日/年。

此外,在出國留學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)擔(dān)保(Affidavit of Financial Support)中通常有擔(dān)保人(Financial Sponsor)如下誓詞:

I certify that I will provide tuition fees, living expenses for my son Lee during his stay in the United States. If he requires any further monetary assistance, I will provide this as well.

通常,公證處需要擔(dān)保人出具財(cái)產(chǎn)證明或銀行存款證明(Bank Savings Statement)。所有這些均附于公證材料后。在涉及財(cái)產(chǎn)證明時(shí),有時(shí)會遇到個體工商戶(Individual Business)的營業(yè)執(zhí)照(Business License)。在逐項(xiàng)翻譯中會遇到如“某某市/縣工商行政管理局”印章。筆者認(rèn)為不應(yīng)譯作“Commercial and Industrial Administration Bureau of City (Prefecture) /County x”,而應(yīng)譯為“x City (Prefecture)/County Administration of Industry and Commerce”。因?yàn)椋癆dministration”一詞本身便有“executive branch of a government”的意思,即“行政機(jī)關(guān)、局(署)等”。

有時(shí),公證機(jī)關(guān)還對材料的譯本的真實(shí)性和可靠性予以公證,即“翻譯件與原件一致公證”(Notarization of the Conformity of Translated Copy and the Original)。最后一點(diǎn),在涉及“畢業(yè)證書公證”時(shí),最后一句通常是:“原件上的校長某某某和畢業(yè)學(xué)校某某大學(xué)之印簽均屬實(shí)”。周幫友老師的實(shí)用英語應(yīng)用文大全中將“屬實(shí)”二字譯為“Genuine”。筆者認(rèn)為通譯該是“Authentic”。因?yàn)椤癆uthentic”一詞在法律英語中常用。比如:“作準(zhǔn)證書”是“Authentic Instrument”,“作準(zhǔn)文件”是“Authentic Document”?!尔溈嗣讉愖值洹分袑ⅰ癆uthentic”一詞解釋為:“being what it purports to be”,并且給出了一個搭配例子即:“an authentic document”;而且,還有的書中,將“公證書”譯為:“Authentic Deed”或“Authentic Act”。由此可見,用“Authentic”一詞更準(zhǔn)確一些,更與公證書語言靠近一些?,F(xiàn)將上面一句漢語譯出以供參考:“Both the signature of President xxx and the stamp of the graduation School yyy University are found to be authentic. ”