【讀書筆記】《沉思錄》卷七09
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?本書簡介：
《沉思錄》是古羅馬皇帝奧勒留寫給自己的書，內(nèi)容大部分是他在鞍馬勞頓中寫成的。作品來自奧勒留對身羈宮廷的自己和自己所處混亂世界的感受，追求一種冷靜而達觀的生活。這部著作是斯多葛學(xué)派的一個里程碑，亦是溫總理放在枕邊，讀了不下百遍的書。
本書原文由古希臘文而作，英文版選擇比較權(quán)威的George Long的版本，中文版選擇何懷宏的版本作參考。筆記中的英文釋義摘自《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》
?作者簡介：
馬可?奧勒留（Marcus Aurelius，公元121—180年），著名的“帝王哲學(xué)家”，古羅馬帝國皇帝，在希臘文學(xué)和拉丁文學(xué)、修辭、哲學(xué)、法律、繪畫方面受過很好的教育，晚期斯多葛學(xué)派代表人物之一。奧勒留也許是西方歷史上唯一的一位哲學(xué)家皇帝。他是一個比他的帝國更加完美的人，他的勤奮工作最終并沒有能夠挽救古羅馬，但是他的《沉思錄》卻成為西方歷史上的偉大名著。
卷七09
7.33?In every pain let this thought be present, that there is no dishonour in it, nor does it make the governing intelligence worse, for it does not damage the intelligence either so far as the intelligence is rational or so far as it is social. Indeed in the case of most pains let this remark of Epicurus aid thee, that pain is neither intolerable nor everlasting, if thou bearest in mind that it has its limits, and if thou addest nothing to it in imagination: and remember this too, that we do not perceive that many things which are disagreeable to us are the same as pain, such as excessive?drowsiness, and the being scorched by heat, and the having no appetite. When then thou art discontented about any of these things, say to thyself, that thou art yielding to pain.
?Notes：
rational [adj] based on reason rather than emotions
?【opp】irrational
perceive [v] 1. to notive or become aware of someting
? ? ? ? ? ? ?用法：perceive sth/that/sth to be sth
? ? ? ? ? ? ?e.g.: I perceive a change in his behaviour.
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?2. to understand or think of somebody/something in a particular way.
? ? ? ? ? ? ?e.g.: She did not perceive herself as disabled.
7.34?How do we know if Telauges was not superior in character to Socrates? For it is not enough that Socrates died a more noble death, and disputed more skilfully with the sophists, and passed the night in the cold with more endurance, and that when he was bid to arrest Leon of Salamis, he considered it more noble to refuse, and that he walked in a swaggering way in the streets- though as to this fact one may have great doubts if it was true. But we ought to inquire, what kind of a soul it was that Socrates possessed, and if he was able to be content with being just towards men and pious towards the gods, neither idly vexed on account of men's villainy, nor yet making himself a slave to any man's ignorance, nor receiving as strange anything that fell to his share out of the universal, nor enduring it as intolerable, nor allowing his understanding to sympathize with the affects of the miserable flesh.
7.35?Nature has not so mingled the intelligence with the composition of the body, as not to have allowed thee the power of circumscribing thyself and of bringing under subjection to thyself all that is thy own; for it is very possible to be a divine man and to be recognised as such by no one. Always bear this in mind; and another thing too, that very little indeed is necessary for living a happy life. And because thou hast despaired of becoming a dialectician and skilled in the knowledge of nature, do not for this reason renounce the hope of being both free and modest and social and obedient to God.
?先嘗試自己翻譯一下吧，參考譯文見下：
中文翻譯：
7.33?在任何痛苦中都讓這一思想出現(xiàn)，即在這痛苦中并沒有恥辱，它并不使支配的理智變壞，因為就理智是理性或社會的而言，它并不損害理智。的確，在很痛苦的時候也可以讓伊壁鳩魯?shù)倪@些話來幫助你：痛苦不是不可忍受或永遠持續(xù)的，只要你記住它有它的界限，只要你不在想像中增加什么東西給它，也記住這一點，我們并沒有覺察，我們把許多使我們不愜意的事情也感覺為痛苦，像十分瞌睡、燥熱和失去胃口。然后當(dāng)你不滿于這些事情時，你就對自己說，我是在遭受痛苦。
7.34?我們怎么知道泰拉格斯在品格上不如蘇格拉底優(yōu)越呢？因為僅下面這些還是不夠的：蘇格拉底有一更高貴的死；更巧妙地與智者辯論；更能忍耐寒冷的冬夜；當(dāng)他被命令去逮捕薩拉米的萊昂時，他認為拒絕是更高尚的；他昂首闊步地在街上走過－雖然這一事實人們很可能懷疑其真實性。此外我們還應(yīng)當(dāng)探究：蘇格拉底擁有一顆什么樣的靈魂，是否他能夠滿足于公正地對待人和虔誠地對待神，不無益地為人們的犯罪苦惱，同時也不使自己屈服于任何人的無知，不把從宇宙降臨于他的任何事情看做是奇怪的，不把它作為不可忍受的東西，不允許他的理智與可憐的肉體的愛好發(fā)生共鳴。
7.35?自然并沒有如此混合你的理智與身體結(jié)構(gòu)，以致不容許你有確定自身的力量和使你自己的一切服從你支配的力量；因為成為一個神圣的人卻不被人如此承認是很有可能的。要總是把這牢記在心：過一種幸福生活所需要的東西確實是很少的。不要因為你無望變成一個自然知識領(lǐng)域中的辯證家和能手，就放棄成為一個自由、謙虛、友善和遵從神的人的希望。