【讀書筆記】《沉思錄》卷六02
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?本書簡介：
《沉思錄》是古羅馬皇帝奧勒留寫給自己的書，內(nèi)容大部分是他在鞍馬勞頓中寫成的。作品來自奧勒留對身羈宮廷的自己和自己所處混亂世界的感受，追求一種冷靜而達(dá)觀的生活。這部著作是斯多葛學(xué)派的一個(gè)里程碑，亦是溫總理放在枕邊，讀了不下百遍的書。
本書原文由古希臘文而作，英文版選擇比較權(quán)威的George Long的版本，中文版選擇何懷宏的版本作參考。筆記中的英文釋義摘自《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》
?作者簡介：
馬可?奧勒留（Marcus Aurelius，公元121—180年），著名的“帝王哲學(xué)家”，古羅馬帝國皇帝，在希臘文學(xué)和拉丁文學(xué)、修辭、哲學(xué)、法律、繪畫方面受過很好的教育，晚期斯多葛學(xué)派代表人物之一。奧勒留也許是西方歷史上唯一的一位哲學(xué)家皇帝。他是一個(gè)比他的帝國更加完美的人，他的勤奮工作最終并沒有能夠挽救古羅馬，但是他的《沉思錄》卻成為西方歷史上的偉大名著。
卷六02
6.4?When thou hast been compelled by circumstances to be disturbed in a manner, quickly return to thyself and do not continue out of tune longer than the compulsion lasts; for thou wilt have more mastery over the harmony by continually recurring to it.
6.5?Most of the things which the multitude admire are referred to objects of the most general kind, those which are held together by cohesion or natural organization, such as stones, wood, fig-trees, vines, olives. But those which are admired by men who are a little more reasonable are referred to the things which are held together by a living principle, as flocks, herds. Those which are admired by men who are still more instructed are the things which are held together by a rational soul, not however a universal soul, but rational so far as it is a soul skilled in some art, or expert in some other way, or simply rational so far as it possesses a number of slaves. But he who values rational soul, a soul universal and fitted for political life, regards nothing else except this; and above all things he keeps his soul in a condition and in an activity conformable to reason and social life, and he co-operates to this end with those who are of the same kind as himself.
?Notes：
cohesion [n]1. the act or state of keeping together
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2. the force causing?molecules?of the same substance to stick together.
6.6?How strangely men act. They will not praise those who are living at the same time and living with themselves; but to be themselves praised by posterity, by those whom they have never seen or ever will see, this they set much value on. But this is very much the same as if thou shouldst be grieved because those who have lived before thee did not praise thee.
?Notes：?
posterity [n] all the people who will live in the future.
?先嘗試自己翻譯一下吧，參考譯文見下：
中文翻譯：
6.4?當(dāng)你在某種程度上因環(huán)境所迫而煩惱時(shí)，迅速地轉(zhuǎn)向你自己，一旦壓力消失就不要再繼續(xù)不安，因?yàn)槟銓⑼ㄟ^不斷地再回到自身而達(dá)到較大的和諧。
6.5?群眾贊頌的許多事物都屬于最一般的物體，是一些通過凝聚力或自然組織結(jié)為一體的東西，例如石料、木料、無花果樹、葡萄樹和橄欖樹。而那些具有較多理性人們贊揚(yáng)的事物則可歸之于被一個(gè)生命原則結(jié)為一體的東西，如羊群、獸群。那些更有教養(yǎng)的人們贊揚(yáng)的事物則是被一個(gè)理性的靈魂結(jié)為一體的事物，但這還不是一個(gè)普遍的靈魂，而只是在經(jīng)過某種技藝訓(xùn)練或以別的方式訓(xùn)練過的范圍內(nèi)是理性的，或者僅僅是就它擁有一些奴隸而言是理性的。而那高度尊重一個(gè)理性靈魂，一個(gè)普遍的適合于政治生活的靈魂的人卻除了下面的事以外不看重任何事情：他超越于所有事物之上，他的靈魂保持在符合理性和社會(huì)生活的一種狀態(tài)和活動(dòng)之中，他和那些像他一樣的人合作達(dá)到這一目的。
6.6?人們的行為是多么奇怪?。核麄儾毁潛P(yáng)那些與自己同時(shí)代，與自己一起生活的人，而又把使自己被后代贊揚(yáng)，被那些他們從未見過或永不會(huì)見到的人的贊揚(yáng)看得很重。而這就像你竟然因?yàn)樯钤谀闱懊娴娜藳]有贊揚(yáng)你而感到悲哀一樣可笑之至。