新托福寫作之語句和思路
(1) 語句
具備了基本詞匯之后,同學(xué)應(yīng)該立即著手語句的訓(xùn)練;當然兩者結(jié)合復(fù)習(xí)也是一個不錯的互補的方法。也就是在背誦單詞的同時,將單詞進行結(jié)合運用擴充成語句,加入各式高分句式。但是若單純從語句角度出發(fā),同學(xué)在保證托福獨立寫作中語句不出錯的同時,還應(yīng)盡力提升語句的優(yōu)美度與吸引力,如:越來越多剛剛畢業(yè)的大同學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)找到好工作是越來越難,此句幾乎所有有一定英語基礎(chǔ)的同學(xué)均能順利地完成,但是差距肯定是不難發(fā)現(xiàn)的,如用more and more來表現(xiàn)越來越多還是用increasing number of來形容,或者是會出現(xiàn)… is difficult 還是使用it is句型等。筆者按照此句翻譯的不同等級,由低到高進行排列:
l More and more college graduates who have just graduated from university find that finding a good job is more and more difficult.
l A growing number of fresh graduates find that obtaining a decent job is increasingly difficult.
l A growing number of fresh graduates find that being employed by a decent employer is increasingly difficult.
l The difficulty of being employed by a decent employer is on the rise, as the number of fresh graduates grows.
除此之外,要想在新托福獨立寫作中抓住考官的注意力,結(jié)合進高級表達方式是必不可少的。即使是簡短的簡單句,也要能寫出精彩的表達;建議同學(xué)們運用“變化主語”的方式來達到效果。如:在過去20年里,人們的溝通方式發(fā)生了巨大的變化。運用此方法就可以分別寫出以人們?yōu)橹髡Z的句子:People communicated with others through various ways in the past 20 years. 也可以寫出以方式為主語的句子:The way of communication changed a lot/ greatly in the past 2 decades; 以變化為主語:The huge change in people’s communication method took place in the past 20 years; 此外,還可以以時間為主語得出:The past 20 years witnessed a huge change in people’s communication type. 如此一來,平淡無奇也完全可以變?yōu)樯衿妗?/p>
而且還要學(xué)會用不同的句式來表達同一個意思的語句,一定要牢記多樣性的要求。除了會寫多彩的簡單句之外,巧妙運用表示各種關(guān)系的連接詞所達到的關(guān)系句也是十分推薦的。只需要在兩個簡單句中間加入關(guān)系詞,如:as a result of, due to, despite, even though, however等(此類連詞需要同學(xué)牢牢熟悉并掌握,不僅可以用于句式,更能放入文章,完成連貫性極高的結(jié)構(gòu))。
以下連詞為常用詞匯總結(jié)(可做參考)
To Add: and, again, and then, besides, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, nor, too, next, lastly, what's more, moreover, in addition, first (second, etc.)
To Compare: whereas, but, yet, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary, by comparison, where, compared to, up against, balanced against, but, although, conversely, meanwhile, after all, in contrast, although this may be true
To Prove: because, for, since, for the same reason, obviously, evidently, furthermore, moreover, besides, indeed, in fact, in addition, in any case, that is
To Show Exception: yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, of course, once in a while, sometimes
To Show Time: immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours, finally, then, later, previously, formerly, first (second, etc.), next, and then
To Repeat in brief: as I have said, as I have noted, as has been noted
To Emphasize: definitely, extremely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case, absolutely, positively, naturally, surprisingly, always, forever, perennially, eternally, never, emphatically, unquestionably, without a doubt, certainly, undeniably, without reservation
To Show Sequence: first, second, third, and so forth. A, B, C, and so forth. next, then, following this, at this time, now, at this point, after, afterward, subsequently, finally, consequently, previously, before this, simultaneously, concurrently, thus, therefore, hence, next, and then, soon
To Give an Example: for example, for instance, in this case, in another case, on this occasion, in this situation, take the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate, as an illustration, to illustrate
(2) 思路
思路是托福獨立寫作考察的一個重點部分,但是必須要明確的是,并不在乎你的文章思路論據(jù)有多么的深刻,與眾不同,而是在乎是否符合邏輯,是否言之有理,是否與語句做到了完美的融合。此外,若仔細翻閱歷年真題,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)與其他雅思寫作等所不相同的是,我們并不追求過高的學(xué)術(shù)層面,更多的題目都是屬于極具生活化的題目,所以我們涉及的話題會包含金錢,休閑,建設(shè),家鄉(xiāng)等雅思寫作中極少涵蓋的。而且,另外有一個問題必須要引起廣大同學(xué)注意的就是我們托福獨立寫作的考試時間及字數(shù)要求,因為這直接關(guān)系著我們該用何種合理的構(gòu)思方式,在考場中靈活變通。
基于以上的幾點特征,建議各位同學(xué)在備考過程中可以嘗試多樣的方法,并且尋找出一種最適合自己實際操練的方法,在構(gòu)思時也可以選擇參考網(wǎng)絡(luò)上比較不錯的方式方法。此處向大家推薦“分類法”即十二大分析角度:
1、從方便角度說;(Convenience)
2、從情感角度說;(Emotion)
3、從經(jīng)驗角度說;(Experience)
4、從成就感角度說;(Achievement)
5、從效率角度說;(Efficiency)
6、從節(jié)約角度說;(Frugality)——時間與成本兩方面
7、從健康角度說;(Health)——身體與心理兩方面
8、從安全角度說;(Security)
9、從性格角度說;(Personality)
10、從樂趣角度說;(Happiness)
11、從長久、耐久角度說;(Durable)
12、從環(huán)保角度說;(Environment Protection)
因為正如剛剛所說的,托福獨立寫作屬于生活化題目,而且有許多類似考題,因此有不少可以互通的地方,而分類法是提示同學(xué)在拿到題目后,從不同方面進行分類構(gòu)思,有針對性地進行思路的搜集,可以達到一個更加可喜的效果。另外,提醒同學(xué)們還要注意詞匯語法的問題。
因為在口語當中有很多詞匯、語法都是和我們平時看到的書面文章有所不同的。這就要求我們在做精聽的同時做好詞匯句型的總結(jié)。這樣的話,我們的基礎(chǔ)能力必然會得到一個很大的提升。