連詞是一種虛詞,用于連接單詞、短語、從句或句子,在句子中不單獨用作句子成分。連詞按其性質(zhì)可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。
并列連詞用于連接并列的單詞、短語、從句或句子,如and, but, or, for等;
從屬連詞主要引出名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句等)和狀語從句(時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、目的狀語從句等),引出名詞性從句的連詞如that, whether等,引出狀語從句的連詞如when, because, since, if 等。
英語并列連詞的用法 | ||
連詞用途 | 連詞 | 例子 |
表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞。 | but, yet 等 |
Someone borrowed my pen, but I don’t remember who. 有人借了我的鋼筆,但我不記得是誰了。 |
表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞。 | for, so 等 |
The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. 這孩子咳得很利害,所以他媽媽帶他去看醫(yī)生。 |
表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞。 | and , or , either…or , neither…nor |
Someone borrowed my pen, but I don’t remember who. 有人借了我的鋼筆,但我不記得是誰了。 |
英語從屬連詞的用法 | ||
連詞用途 | 連詞 | 例子 |
引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的從屬連詞 | ||
表示“當(dāng)…時候”或“每當(dāng)”的時間連詞。 | when, while, as, whenever等 |
Don’t talk while you’re eating. 吃飯時不要說話。 |
表示“在…之前(或之后)”的時間連詞。 | before, after |
Try to finish your work before you leave. 離開前設(shè)法把工作做完。 |
表示“在…之前(或之后)”的時間連詞。 | before, after |
Try to finish your work before you leave. 離開前設(shè)法把工作做完。 |
表示“自從”或“直到”的時間連詞。 | since, until, till |
She’s been playing tennis since she was eight. 她從八歲起就打網(wǎng)球了。 |
表示“一…就”的時間連詞。 | as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second |
The moment I have finished I’ll give you a call. 我一干完就給你打電話。 |
表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的時間連詞。 | every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次) |
You can call me any time you want to. 你隨時都可以給我打電話。 |
注意:every time, each time, any time前不用冠詞,(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠詞可以省略,而the first time中的冠詞通常不能省略。 | ||
引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞 | ||
if, unless, as [so] long as, in case |
Do you mind if I open the window?我開窗你不介意吧? Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打電話,否則你別來。 |
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注意:在條件狀語從句中,通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義,而不能直接使用將來時態(tài)。不過,有時表示條件的 if之后可能用 will,但那不是將來時態(tài), 而是表示意愿或委婉的請求(will為情態(tài)動詞)。 | ||
引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞 | ||
in order that, so that, in case, for fear |
He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音,以便每個人都能聽見。 |
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引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞 | ||
so that, so…that, such…that |
I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去聽演講去得很早, 所以找個好座位。 |
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引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞 | ||
because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that) |
He distrusted me because I was new. 他不信任我,因為我是新來的。 |
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引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞 | ||
although, though, even though, even if, while, however |
He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber. 他將鐵棍折彎,仿佛那是用橡皮做成的。 |
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引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的從屬連詞 | ||
where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere |
The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. 這座教堂蓋在一座羅馬寺廟的舊址。 |
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引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的從屬連詞 | ||
than和as…as |
She was now happier than she had ever been. 現(xiàn)在她比過去任何時候都快活。 |
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引起名詞從句的從屬連詞 | ||
that, whether, if |
He replied that he was going by train. 他回答說他將坐火車去。 |
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注意:引導(dǎo)名詞從句的從屬連詞主要有that, whether, if 等,它們用于引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。其中that 不僅沒不充當(dāng)句子成分,而且沒有詞義,在句子中只起連接作用;而 if, whether 雖不充當(dāng)句子成分,但有詞義,即表示“是否”。 |