表示時(shí)間的連詞when的用法總結(jié)
when作為從屬連詞,在句子中引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,它有多種不同的表達(dá):
1. when表示時(shí)間,意為“當(dāng)……時(shí);在……的時(shí)候”。如:
1)When you see him, please say hello to him.見到他時(shí),代我問(wèn)他好。
2)When you have finished your experiment,please tidy the lab and put everything back in the cupboards.當(dāng)你們做完實(shí)驗(yàn)后,請(qǐng)把實(shí)驗(yàn)室整理好并把物品放回柜子中。
2. when表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,在 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中,動(dòng)作發(fā)生在先的用過(guò)去完成時(shí),在后的用過(guò)去時(shí)。如:
1)When I was in Japan, I bought some beautiful pearls. 我在日本時(shí),買了一些漂亮的珍珠。
2)When I reached the station, the train had left. 當(dāng)我到達(dá)火車站時(shí),火車已經(jīng)開走了。
表示前面的敘述所沒(méi)有提到過(guò)的信息。它總是對(duì)所描述的事件予以引人注目的強(qiáng)調(diào),意為“這時(shí);突然”;如:
1) He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. 他正笑著的時(shí)候,門突然開了,他妻子走了進(jìn)來(lái)。
2) I was thinking of this when I heard my name called. 我正想著這件事時(shí),突然聽到有人叫我的名字。
3) We were about to start when it began to rain. 我們剛要出發(fā)就開始下雨了。
4) We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang. 我們剛剛?cè)胨?,鈴聲就響了起?lái)。
5) He had scarcely arrived when he had to leave again. 他剛剛到達(dá)就又要離開了。
表示條件,相當(dāng)于 if ,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如:
How can I get a job when I can't even read or write? 如果我連讀和寫都不會(huì),我怎么能找到工作呢?
5. when表示對(duì)比,相當(dāng)于 whereas, while, since, 意為“既然;然而”。
How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me? 既然他們不愿聽我的,我又怎么能幫助他們弄明白呢?
從句中使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,意為“本來(lái)……卻……”。例如:
She paid when she could have entered free. 本來(lái)可以免費(fèi)入場(chǎng),而她卻付了款。
7.由 when 等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,如果主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致或是 it ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞又含 be 動(dòng)詞時(shí),主語(yǔ)和 be 動(dòng)詞常常被省略,就變成“ when + V-ing/ V-ed/ adj/ 介詞詞組”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
When in Rome, do as Romans do. 入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。
When (we are ) young, we are full of hope. 年輕時(shí),我們大家總是充滿希望。
8. When在句子中的位置靈活多樣,它作為關(guān)系副詞時(shí),在其引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),例如:
I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer.我仍然記得第一次見到詹妮弗的那一天。