動詞的分類?
根據(jù)其在句中的功能,動詞可分為行為動詞、系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞四類,有些動詞是兼類詞。如:?
We have lunch at 12. 我們12點吃午飯。(have是行為動詞)?
We have been to New York. 我們?nèi)ミ^紐約。(have是助動詞)?
I am hungry. 我餓了。(am是連系動詞)?
She was beaten on the way home. (was是助動詞)?
You needn’t have waited for me. 你本來不必等我。(need是情態(tài)動詞)?
The door needs painting. 這個門需要油漆了。(needs及物動詞)
行為動詞的分類
及物動詞與不及物動詞
根據(jù)后面是否帶賓語,行為動詞又可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞,及物動詞(vt. ) 后面要跟賓語,不及物動詞(vi. ) 不跟賓語。
如:They study hard. (study后沒有賓語,是不及物動詞) I know them well. (know后有賓語them,是及物動詞)
注:有的動詞既可作及物動詞,也可用作不及物動詞. 如:
She sings very well. (sing是不及物動詞)
She sang an English song just now. (sing是及物動詞)
延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞
根據(jù)動作是否延續(xù),行為動詞又分為延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞。如: rain, live, work, learn是延續(xù)性動詞,go, come, leave, start, 是非延續(xù)性動詞。
注:非延續(xù)性動詞在肯定句中通常不與表示時間段連用的for短語連用。
如:[譯]他離開這里三天了。 [誤]He has left here for three days.
[正]He has been away from here for three days. [正]He left here three days ago.
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