關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個作用:1)引導(dǎo)定語從句;2)代替先行詞;3)在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。

關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;

一:關(guān)系代詞的用法 關(guān)系代詞 指代對象及在從句中所作的成分
使用要點(diǎn)
that
即指人又指物;作主語或賓語(作賓語時可省略)
只用于限制性定語從句中,介詞后面不能跟that。 當(dāng)代替物時,可以與which通用。
Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that I gave her.
昨天艾米麗穿了我送給她的新衣服。
I have a friend that likes listening to classical music我有個朋友喜歡聽古典音樂。?

which
指物;作主語或賓語(作賓語時可省略)
在非限定性定語從句中,只宜用which,不能用that.在限定性定語從句中,可用在介詞之后。
My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old
我的父母住在一座具有100多年歷史的房子里?

who,whom
指人;作主語或賓語(whom常可省略) 先行詞必須為人。Who可代替在從句中擔(dān)任賓語的whom,若前有介詞,須用whom
A couch potato is a person who spends a lot of time watching TV. “A couch potato”指那種成天沉湎于電視中的人。

The student(whom)I taught two years ago has joined the army.
我兩年前教的那個學(xué)生已經(jīng)參軍了。?

whose 既指人又指物;作定語 是代詞的所有格, 代物時,相當(dāng)于of which。
The room whose window faces south is mine. 那個窗戶朝南的房間是我的。
注意:whose指物時,常用of which結(jié)構(gòu)來代替。如:
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

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