動(dòng)名詞起名詞的做用,在句中可作:
1)主語:
Smoking is prohibited.
禁止吸煙。

2)表語:
My favorite sport is skating.
我最喜炊的運(yùn)動(dòng)是滑冰。

3)賓語或介詞賓語:
I suggested going by boat.
我建議坐船去。
They insisted on going by plane.
他們堅(jiān)持坐飛機(jī)去。

4)定語:
Give me my shopping bag.
把購物袋給我。
This is your boarding pass.
這是你的登機(jī)證。

在很多情況下可以構(gòu)成合成詞:
singing competition 歌詠比賽
wimming pool 游泳池
opening speech 開幕詞
dining-car 餐車
waiting-room 候車室
milling—machine 銑床
sleeping-pill 安眠藥片
coughing drops 咳嗽糖漿
deep—ploughing 深耕
close—planting 密植
weightlifting 舉重
family—planning 計(jì)劃生育

2.有些動(dòng)名詞已名詞化,前面可以加冠詞,可以用定語修飾,甚至有復(fù)數(shù)形式:
You should give the room a good cleaning.
你應(yīng)該把房間好好打掃一下。
Who did the recording?
是誰錄的音?
I have some shopping to do.
我得去買些東西。
The work needs careful planning.
這工作需要周密計(jì)劃。
Please take our greetings to him.
請(qǐng)向他問好。

這種動(dòng)名詞可稱為名詞化的動(dòng)名詞。

3.有些動(dòng)名詞已完全成為名詞
Let’s bring in the washing.
咱們?nèi)グ严吹囊路者M(jìn)來。
The story has a happy ending.
這故事有一個(gè)愉快的結(jié)局。