解析 | 動詞不定式的用法
動詞不定式除了不能單獨作謂語外,幾乎可以充當句子中所有的句子成分。今天,小編就來和大家分享一下有關動詞不定式充當句子成分的語法知識,一起來看看吧!
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動詞不定式作賓語
不定式可以充當部分及物動詞的賓語,也可以充當but和except等介詞的賓語以及形容詞的賓語.
1. 作動詞的賓語
①不定式可以充當部分及物動詞的賓語
Father likes to listen to music in silence. 父親喜歡靜靜地聽音樂。
He prefers to be starved to death rather than beg. 他寧愿餓死也不原乞討。
I rather thought to meet you here. 我沒想到在這里遇見你。
②在feel, find, make, think, consider, 等動詞后,如果賓語帶有賓語補足語時,人們通常用it作形式賓語,而把真實的賓語放在賓語補足語之后。
I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能不用計算機而解出這道題目。
She made it a rule to get up at 5:00. 她養(yǎng)成了五點起床的習慣。
I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.我覺得被邀請在會上面對這么多學生發(fā)言是一件很光榮的事情。
③在表示“希望、打算”等動詞(如hope, except, intend, mean, want, 等)的過去式后,可接動詞不定式的完成式來表示沒有實現(xiàn)的動作。
I intended to have called on you ,but was prevented from dong so. 我原想來拜訪你的,但沒來成。
I expected to have met him here last night. 我以為昨天晚上能在這里見到他。(但沒做到)
We meant to have stayed there a week. 我們原打算在那兒呆一個星期的 。
I wanted to have dropped her a line, but forgot to do so.? 我原想寫一封信給她,但忘記了。
2. 作介詞的賓語
不定式可以作介詞but和except的賓語。
The teacher made no comments except to tell him to work hard. 老師除了叫他努力學習外,未做任何評價。
He had no choice but to sit there as usual. 他沒有什么選擇,只好像往常一樣坐在那兒。
There is nothing we can do but wait patiently. 我們只能耐心等待。
3. 作形容詞的賓語
不定式作形容詞的賓語有兩種類型,一是句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語,二是句子的主語是不定式的邏輯賓語。
①句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語
這一類的形容詞有:afraid, angry, anxious, clever, content, cruel, determined, disappointed, eager, foolish, fortunate, frightened, happy, impatient, glad, lucky, naughty, prepared, proud, ready, slow, shocked, sorry, surprised, willing等。
I am sorry to say that he is going from bad to worse. 很遺憾他的情況每況愈下。
She was not content to live a quiet life in a small town. 他不滿足在一個小鎮(zhèn)里過默默無聞的生活。 ?
②句子的主語是不定式的邏輯賓語
這類的形容詞有:easy, hard, cheap, expensive, dangerous, difficult, funny, fit, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, simple, strange, useful,等.
This problem is easy to solve. 這個問題很容易解決。
The water is not fit to drink. 這水不適合飲用。
She is hard to get along with. 她不太好相處。
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