一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)用法講解
3.2 一般動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)
3.2.1 一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成
肯定句:主語 + 動(dòng)詞過去式...
否定句:主語 + did not + 動(dòng)詞原形...
疑問句:Did + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形...?
疑問代詞/疑問副詞 + did + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形...? (動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成詳見第7章動(dòng)詞概述7.3動(dòng)詞的基本形式)
3.2.2 一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的肯定句
句型:主語 + 動(dòng)詞過去式...
一般動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)由“主語 + 動(dòng)詞過去式”構(gòu)成。一般動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,因此主語即使是第三人稱單數(shù),也和其他人稱一樣變化:
I went to see a friend of mine.我去看了一個(gè)朋友。
At noon I had lunch with a friend of mine.中午我和一個(gè)朋友一塊吃了午飯。
We talked about a lot of things.我們談?wù)摿撕枚嗍虑椤?br>
He answered almost all of my questions.他回答了我所有的問題。
注意不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的拼寫。熟記下述動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式:
read/ri:d/—read/red/
say/sei/—said/sed/
know—knew
put—put
go—went
get—got
have—had
see—saw
take—took
do—did
come—came
3.2.3 一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的否定句
句型:主語 + did not + 動(dòng)詞原形...
一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的否定句結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語 + did not + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,即在謂語動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞原形)前面加上did not/didn't(讀作/′didnt/)。一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的否定句無人稱、數(shù)的變化:
He didn't go to school because he was ill.由于生病,他昨天沒上學(xué)。
I didn't see Mr. Jones,but I saw John Smith.我沒有看見瓊斯先生,但我看到約翰·史密斯。
If you didn't like it you were wrong not to say so.如果你不喜歡它而不說出來,那你就不對(duì)了。
3.2.4 一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的一般疑問句
句型: Did + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形...?
回答方式:Yes,主語 + did或動(dòng)詞的過去式...
No,主語 + did not + 動(dòng)詞原形...
一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的一般疑問句是在主語前面加上助動(dòng)詞did(大寫助動(dòng)詞did的第一個(gè)字母),在句尾加問號(hào)。一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的一般疑問句無人稱、數(shù)的變化:
Did you work all day? —Yes,I worked from early morning until late at night./No,I only worked half of the day.你工作了一整天嗎? ——是的,我從清早一直工作到深夜。/不,我只工作了半天。
Did you see Mr. Jones yesterday? —No,I didn't see Mr. Jones,but I saw John Smith.昨天你看見瓊斯先生了嗎? ——沒有,但我看到約翰·史密斯。
3.2.5 一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的特殊疑問句
句型:疑問代詞(主語) + 動(dòng)詞的過去式...?
疑問代詞/疑問副詞 + did + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形...?
一般動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)的特殊疑問句,都是以疑問代詞或疑問副詞開頭,之后是“助動(dòng)詞did + 主語”,在句尾加問號(hào)。這種語序是主語和謂語倒裝語序,和一般疑問句差不多(助動(dòng)詞did的第一個(gè)字母無需大寫)。就主語提問時(shí),如果主語是疑問代詞或是帶有疑問限定詞的名詞詞組,將疑問代詞或帶有疑問限定詞的名詞詞組置于謂語動(dòng)詞過去式之前,無需加助動(dòng)詞did,在句尾加問號(hào);這種語序是陳述句語序:
Who told you that? 誰告訴你那件事的?
Who broke the window? 那窗戶是誰打破的?
Who did you ask? 你問誰了? (就賓語提問)
Who did you stay with? 你和誰在一起了? (就賓語提問)
What time did you get to work yesterday? —I left the house at 7o'clock and got to work at 8. 昨天早上你幾點(diǎn)開始工作的? ——我7點(diǎn)鐘離開家,8點(diǎn)鐘開始工作。
Where did you go yesterday? —I went to see a friend of mine.你昨天去哪里了? ——我去看了一位朋友。
When did that happen? 那事是在什么時(shí)候發(fā)生的?
比較一般動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式和過去式,以go為例: