1. Make Connections 建立聯(lián)系
What connections do I make as I read?
我在閱讀的時候能建立怎樣的聯(lián)系?
Good readers notice pieces of text that relate to or remind them of:
好的讀者會注意到相互聯(lián)系或是會讓他們做出聯(lián)想的文章:
Their lives, past experiences, and prior knowledge
他們的生活,過去的經(jīng)歷,先前的知識
Other books, articles, movies, songs, or pieces of writing
其他的書籍、文章、電影、歌曲、寫作片段
Events, people, or issues
事件、任務(wù)、問題
Reading Tips: 閱讀提示:
That reminds me of… 這提醒了我...
This made me think of… 這讓我想起...
I read another book that… 我讀過的另外一本書中講到...
This is different from… 這跟...有所不同
I remember when… 我記得...
2. Visualize 視覺化
Good readers create pictures in their minds while they read.
好的讀者在閱讀時腦海中會形成畫面。
While reading, note places where you get a clear picture in your mind that helps you understand the text:
在閱讀某處時,如果你的腦海中能形成比較清晰的畫面幫助你理解文章,那么請?jiān)谂赃呑龀鋈缦碌淖⑨專?/strong>
I can picture… 我可以畫出...
I can see the… 我能看到...
I can visualize… 我能把這個場景形象化成...
The movie in my head shows… 我腦海中的電影是...
Use your senses to connect the characters, events, and ideas to clarify the picture in your head:
利用你的感覺器官與文中的人物、事件和觀點(diǎn)溝通,讓你腦海中的畫面更為清晰:
I can taste/hear/smell the… 我能嘗/聽/聞到...
I can feel the… 我可以感覺到...
3. Ask Questions 提問
Good readers ask questions before, during, and after reading to better understand the author and the meaning of the text.
好的讀者在閱讀前、閱讀時和閱讀后,都會通過提問的方式,來更好的理解作者和文章的意思。
Ask questions of the author, yourself, and the text:
提一些關(guān)于作者、關(guān)于你自己和關(guān)于文章的問題:
What is the author trying to say? 作者想表達(dá)些什么?
What is the message of this piece? 這篇文章想傳達(dá)什么信息?
Do I know something about this topic? 關(guān)于文章討論的這個話題我了解什么?
What do I think I will learn from this text? 我會從文章中學(xué)到些什么?
How could this be explained to someone else? 我應(yīng)該如何向別人解釋這篇文章?
What predictions do I have about this reading? 基于這篇文章,我能做出些哪些預(yù)測?
4. Infer 做出推斷
How do I read between the lines?
如何讀出字里行間的言外之意?
When the answers are “right there,” good readers draw conclusions based on background knowledge and clues in the text.
答案其實(shí)就在那兒,好的讀者能夠基于背景知識和上下文線索得出結(jié)論。
Ask yourself: 問問你自己:
I wonder why… 我想知道為什么...
I wonder how… 我想知道怎樣...
I wonder if… 我想知道是否...
Find information from the text that might be clues to the answers and use these with your background knowledge for possible answers.
從文中找一些可能成為線索的信息,再利用你的背景知識,發(fā)現(xiàn)一些可能的答案。
5. Determine Importance 確定中心大意
What’s the big idea?
文章的用意是什么?
Good readers look for things that help them identify big ideas.
好的讀者會從文中找一些東西來幫助他們找出文章的中心大意。
Look at text features for clues: 觀察文本特征得出線索:
Titles and headings? 標(biāo)題
Bold print 黑體
Pictures and captions 圖片和說明
Graphs and charts? 圖形圖標(biāo)
Chapter objectives and questions 章節(jié)目標(biāo)和問題
Reading Tips: 閱讀提醒:
Most important information is... 最重要的信息是...
So far I’ve learned… 到目前為止我了解到的是...
The author is saying…作者的意思是...
This idea is similar to… 這個觀點(diǎn)有些類似于...
6. Synthesize 綜合
How do I use what I’ve read to create my own ideas?
我如何利用我的閱讀經(jīng)歷創(chuàng)造我自己的觀點(diǎn)?
Good readers combine new information from their reading with existing knowledge in order to form new ideas or interpretations.
好的讀者會把閱讀中獲得新信息與已有的知識相結(jié)合,形成新的觀點(diǎn),進(jìn)行全新的解釋。
Synthesis is creating a single understanding from a variety of sources.
綜合是從各種資源中創(chuàng)造屬于自己的理解的一種能力。
Reading Tips: 閱讀提示:
Compare and contrast what I’m reading with what I already know or other sources of information.
將正在閱讀的材料與已經(jīng)積累的知識或其他信息來源進(jìn)行比較分析。
Think of new ways to use this information.
想一想如何用全新的方式來利用現(xiàn)有資源。
Can connections I make across this text help me to create new
generalizations or new perspectives?
這篇文章能不能幫助我做出新的概括或提供新的視角?