N

name

［誤］ She was named of a flower.

［正］ She was named after a flower.

［析］ 以……命名應(yīng)為name after，又如給某人取名應(yīng)為The father named his son Tom.

near

［誤］ We came near to hit him.

［正］ We came near to hitting him.

［析］ 這句話應(yīng)譯為"我們幾乎要打他一頓。"near to這一用法中to為介詞，其后要接賓語，所以要接名詞或動名詞。near作介詞時其后可加to也可不加to，如： I sit near the door, I sit near to the fire.

by near

We lived near the city. 與We lived by the city. 兩句話都是對的，但其表達(dá)的意義有所不同，by在表達(dá)距離時比near更近，所以by the city是緊靠近某城市。

need

［誤］ This room needs to clean.

［正］ This room needs to be cleaned.

［正］ This room needs cleaning.

［析］ 在表達(dá)某事需要做什么時，need后面如用不定式要用其被動態(tài)，如接動名詞則要用主動態(tài)。

［誤］ We need not to do it.

［正］ We needn't do it.

［析］ need用在否定句、疑問句中一般用作情態(tài)動詞，所以無人稱變化也不加to，而在肯定句中則多用作實意動詞，如： We need your help.

neither

［誤］ None of my parents is a teacher.

［正］ Neither of my parents is a teacher.

［析］ 對兩者的否定不能用none只能用neither, none用于三人以上的情況。

［誤］ I don't do my homework. Neither he does.

［正］ I don't do my homework. Neither does he.

［析］ 這時應(yīng)用倒裝句。

［誤］ Neither you nor I are right.

［正］ Neither you nor I am right.

［析］ neither…nor… 這一句型在應(yīng)用時其謂語動詞應(yīng)以鄰近的主語一致。

［誤］ Neither he studies nor plays.

［正］ Neither does he study nor play.

［析］ neither, hardly, seldom等否定詞位于句首時，謂語動詞采用倒裝形式。

never

［誤］ Never I have broken my word.

［正］ Never have I broken my word.

［析］ never用于句首時起強調(diào)作用，要用倒裝語序。但用于句中一般放于情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、或be動詞后面，如： I shall never forgot the expression on her face. Lost time is never found again. 用于成語中，如： Better late than never. (晚做比不做強。)never mind沒關(guān)系，如： "What did you say?""Oh, never mind."

news

［誤］ There are many news about the accident.

［正］ There is much news about the accident.

［析］ news是不可數(shù)名詞，它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如果講一條新聞要用a piece of news.

newspaper

［誤］ I read the news on today's newspaper.

［正］ I read the news in today's newspaper.

［析］ 在報紙上讀到某一條新聞一定要用介詞in，而on the newspaper是指把某物放于報紙之上，如： May I put the flower on this newspaper?

night

［誤］ I came home very late yesterday night.

［正］ I came home very late last night.

［析］ "昨晚"一般要講last night，而不應(yīng)參照"昨天上午、下午、傍晚"的說法yesterday morning等套用。

no none

no是個限定詞，它可以用在可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞前，如： No news is good news. 但如果名詞前有另一限定詞時則不能用no，而要用none of，如None of the students was here.

no not

要使句子具有部分否定的意思，我們用not，如： I can see you tomorrow, but not Sunday. 如果是全部否定則用no，如Sorry, there is no time to talk.

No one none

no one與nobody一樣不能接of結(jié)構(gòu)，如： No one wished me good luck. 而要用of結(jié)構(gòu)時要用none, 如： None of my friends wished me good luck.

nor

［誤］ I never saw the painting before, or did I hear of it.

［正］ I never saw the painting before, not did I hear of it.

［析］ 注意在表達(dá)"既不……也不……"時不要用or作連詞，而要用nor，并且要用倒裝語序。

not

［誤］ The students went to the park, but no the teachers.

［正］ The students went to the park, but not the teachers.

［析］ 要使一個句子或一個句子的某一部分為否定時我們要用not, 而不用no.

［誤］ There is no my letter today.

［正］ There is no letter for me today.

［析］ no是一個限定詞，用在名詞前時，要注意這個名詞前應(yīng)沒有冠詞、物主代詞或指示代詞。 ?

［誤］ He not only was a writer but also an actor.

［正］ He was not only a writer but also an actor.

［析］ 在這一句型中not only之后?。如果這一結(jié)構(gòu)用在主語位置，則謂語動詞要與but also后面的主語保持一致，如： Not only you but also I am wrong.

? nothing

［誤］ Nothing but books were sold here.

［正］ Nothing but books was sold here.

［析］ 要注意真正的主語是nothing而不是books，所以這一結(jié)構(gòu)在學(xué)生的使用中經(jīng)常出錯。

［誤］ I have nothing to do but to cry.

［正］ I have nothing to do but cry.

［析］ 在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中but后面要用省to的不定式。

number

［誤］ A number of news can be heard on TV today.

［正］ A lot of news can be heard on TV today.

［析］ a number of后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。

［誤］ The number of students are ten thousand.

［正］ The number of students is ten thousand.

［析］ a number of 其意為"大量的"，而the number of…是"某某的數(shù)量"。即the number of students意為"學(xué)生人數(shù)"，所以要用單數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。