第五章 分詞和從句

????分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)和分詞短語在英語中使用非常普遍，在句子中可以充當(dāng)補(bǔ)語,定語,狀語等成分。在成分復(fù)雜的句子中，有時分詞的出現(xiàn)易同謂語動詞的被動式或者進(jìn)行時搞混，造成句子主干的判斷錯誤。帶有自己主語的分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)由于同非限制性定語從句和插入語一樣需要逗號同句子的其他成分分開，因此常會誤認(rèn)為是非限制性定語或插入語。有些從句，尤其是定語從句，其形式變化很多，在句子中也易同其他句子成分混淆。


Excrise

Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.

Most Asian-American students owe their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer.

But a committee faced with a major decision can't always move as quickly as the events it's trying to respond to.

要點(diǎn)：謂語動詞"concluded"在句中帶有兩個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，即:"that it was not primarily the sight..."和"that there exists a ..."。第一個賓語從句實(shí)際上是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句。"success"后面有一個定語從句"they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill"對其進(jìn)行修飾。
譯文：帕普塞克得出結(jié)論，使他們開心的不是燈光，而是由于他們在解決問題，掌握技能時所取得的成功。而且人類還有一種基本欲望：認(rèn)識并支配世界。

要點(diǎn)："owe...to"意為"。。。歸功于。。。"，"owe their success to the influence of parents"意為"他們的成功歸功于父母的影響。"parents"后有"who"引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其中"are determined"后又有一個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，謂語要求用動詞原形"take"。"take advantage of"后又有一個what 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
譯文：大多數(shù)亞裔美國學(xué)生把成功歸功于父母的影響，因?yàn)樗麄兊母改笡Q心要自己的孩子充分利用美國教育體制所能提供的一切有利條件。


要點(diǎn)：句子雖然很短卻是主從復(fù)合句。句子的主句是a committee can't move as quickly as the events。句中faced with...是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾committee。在as quickly as中，第二個as是連詞，后面省略了謂語。it's trying to respond是省略關(guān)系代詞的定語從句，修飾events;it指代committee。faced with a major decision在意義上表示時間，翻譯時可把它譯成時間狀語。
譯文：委員會在面臨重大決策時，未必總是能對迅速變化的事件作出及時的反應(yīng)

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