第五章 分詞和從句

????分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)和分詞短語在英語中使用非常普遍，在句子中可以充當補語,定語,狀語等成分。在成分復(fù)雜的句子中，有時分詞的出現(xiàn)易同謂語動詞的被動式或者進行時搞混，造成句子主干的判斷錯誤。帶有自己主語的分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)由于同非限制性定語從句和插入語一樣需要逗號同句子的其他成分分開，因此常會誤認為是非限制性定語或插入語。有些從句，尤其是定語從句，其形式變化很多，在句子中也易同其他句子成分混淆。


Exercise

Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim.


Rich bodies were carefully wrapped in yards of cloth, leaving diamond-shaped spaces which were decorated with precious stones and pieces of gold.

He merely swallows this theory because there is something about that appeals to the twentieth-century mentality.


要點:主句為" I applied"."Being...and wanting..."為分句短語作原因狀語,"fearing"為分詞作伴隨狀語.that引導(dǎo)的從句為"fearing"的賓語從句.
譯文:我因為手頭很拮據(jù),同時也想干點有用的事,于是便提出了申請,但是提出申請時我也擔心:自己一無學(xué)位二無教學(xué)經(jīng)驗,得到這份工作的可能性是微乎其微的.

要點:分詞短語"leaving diamond-shaped spaces..."在句子中作補充說明狀語.定語從句"which were decorated with precious stones and pieces of gold" 修飾"space".
譯文:富有人的尸體用成匹的布料細心地包裹起來,留出一塊鉆石形狀的空間用寶石及碎金將其裝飾好.

要點:本句中because引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句.省略了主語that/which的定語從句"appeals to..."修飾something. "there be +n..."結(jié)構(gòu)是一種表達法.
譯文:他絲毫不加懷疑地接受這一理論,只是因為這一理論中有一種迎合20世紀的精神力量.

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