第一章 并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)
英語句子最常用的方法是通過使用一些關(guān)聯(lián)詞，如 and、or等，或標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)如：分號(hào)，逗號(hào)，破折號(hào)等，若干個(gè)在語義上有聯(lián)系或相互照應(yīng)的單詞、詞組或子句連在一起組成一種并列或平行結(jié)構(gòu)的長句，以表達(dá)一個(gè)復(fù)雜得多層次含義。這種句式雖然難度不一定很高，但在復(fù)雜長句中還是占了相當(dāng)大的比例的.
從今天開始我們就由淺入深，來對(duì)這一類型的句子進(jìn)行練習(xí)和攻克。希望大家通過練習(xí)能掌握分析這類句式的一般規(guī)律和方法。

Exercise

The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of “defensive medicine”, and thus it injures, in turn , the entire medical profession.

Rugby is generally a much tougher game than football and for a long time has had upper class associations, as until recently it was generally only played in public schools, not in state schools.

Western manners do not require one to say anything that is untrue, but it is best to avoid being too frank about things which would make people feel uneasy—unless by doing so you feel some good might come of it.

要點(diǎn)分析和參考譯文

要點(diǎn)：本句是有分號(hào)及連詞and 引導(dǎo)的并列復(fù)合句。分句一種包含有關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾doctors。分句二中代詞it指”the suspicion of deceit”，動(dòng)詞短語contributes to意為“to help in causing a situation”，分句三中，代詞it指前文所述情況，介詞短語in turn意為“afterwards”
參考譯文：由于病人懷疑存在欺騙行為，使許多對(duì)病人十分誠實(shí)的醫(yī)生的工作也因此受到影響，并使醫(yī)療訴訟案和“防御性診治”增多，而這些反過來又對(duì)整個(gè)醫(yī)療事業(yè)造成損害。

要點(diǎn)：全句為主從復(fù)合句，”as”引出原因狀語從句，修飾” and for a long time (rugby) has had upper class associations”。主句部分Rugby is generally……class associations，是帶有并列謂語”is……”和”has had……”的句子。
參考譯文：橄欖球賽一般比足球賽更加激烈，并且長時(shí)間以來一直是高年級(jí)學(xué)生參與的比賽，也因此直到最近比賽一般仍然僅僅在公立學(xué)校而不在州立學(xué)校舉行。

要點(diǎn)：全句為并列復(fù)合句。連詞”but”連接兩個(gè)并列句。在第二個(gè)分句中” it is best to avoid being too frank……” 中的”it”是形式主語，實(shí)際主語是不定式” to avoid being too frank……”。動(dòng)詞”avoid”后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。” which would make people feel uneasy”作”thing”的定語。在破折號(hào)后面” unless by doing so you feel some good might come of it”作讓步狀語從句?！眊ood”是名詞，作”feel”的賓語從句”some good might come of it”中的主語?！眎t”指”by doing so”所包含的前面提到的為避免重復(fù)而未具體說出的內(nèi)容。
參考譯文：西方的行為方式并不要求人們?nèi)ブv假話，但是最好要避免過于直率地談?wù)撃切┦谷藢擂蔚氖虑椤悄阏J(rèn)為這么做可能會(huì)有益處。

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