【中考英語語法匯總】冠詞語法講解
(一)冠詞概述
冠詞是限定詞的一種,自己不能單獨(dú)使用,只能依附于一個(gè)名詞幫助說明這個(gè)名詞的含義。因此冠詞也可以說是名詞的一種標(biāo)志,它不能離開名詞而單獨(dú)存在。冠詞有三種形式:不定冠詞a(an),定冠詞(the)和零冠詞(即不使用冠詞)。冠詞用法每次中考都會出現(xiàn),主要考查:(1)名詞前的定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞的用法;(2)固定搭配中的冠詞用法。a,an的用法區(qū)別是??純?nèi)容。序數(shù)詞前及形容詞最高級前或姓氏前使用定冠詞也是近年來中考的??純?nèi)容。
(二)基礎(chǔ)知識梳理
1.不定冠詞a/an的用法
不定冠詞用來修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,指人或物中的某一個(gè)或某一類,但不具體說明是何人何物。
如:A famous astronaut will give us a talk the week after next.a(chǎn)用在以輔音音素(不是輔音字母)開頭的單詞前,如:a university student,a European country;an用在以元音音素(不是元音字母)開頭的單詞前,如:an honest girl,an underground train.
現(xiàn)將不定冠詞的基本用法歸納如下:
1)首次提到某人某物,不定冠詞起介紹作用。如:
Long long ago an old man lived in a small village.
2)表示“每一”的意思,常用于表示時(shí)間、速度的名詞之前,相當(dāng)于every。如:
ten metres a second,twice a week
3)也可用于不可數(shù)的物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞之前,使其具體化。如:
1 would like a drink.
It’s a great joy to live in Shanghai.
4)某些固定短語中,要用不定冠詞。如:have a good time,in a hurry,have a break,for a while,a pair of,have a look,with a smile,take an active part in.
2.定冠詞the的用法
1)指第二次提到的人或物。如:
I have a dog and a cat.The dog is brown and the cat is yellow.
2)特指某人或某物。如:
The old man with thick glasses is their history teacher.
3)指談話雙方都知道的人或物。如:
Would you mind turning down the radio,Jim? Your father is sleeping.
4)用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級之前。如:
The third truck is carrying the fewest apples of all.
5)用于指世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。如:
The moon is far smaller than the earth.
6)在江河、海洋、山脈等地理名詞前及由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如:
the Nile,the Pacific Ocean,the Alps,the Oriental Pearl
7)用于表示方位的名詞前。如:
Shanghai is in the east of China.
8)用在樂器名稱的前面。如:
I practise the piano every day after school.
9)在某些形容詞前加定冠詞,表示一類人。如:
The sick and the old should be taken good care of.
10)用于姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式之前,表示“一家人”或“夫婦兩人”。如:
The Wangs have worked in Pudong for almost ten years.
11)在某些固定短語中,需用定冠詞。如:
In the morning,the day after tomorrow,listen to the radio,at the moment,go to the beach,by the way.
3.不用冠詞的情況
1)在球類活動、學(xué)科名稱前。如:
We have Chinese,maths,and English every day.
2)在節(jié)日、月份、四季、星期前。如:
June l is Children’s Day.
It’s Saturday today.
It’s late spring now.
3)名詞前已有作定語的指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞或數(shù)詞等。如:
That handbag is in her car.
I have several questions to ask.
4)在物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前一般不加冠詞。如:
Milk is white.(比較:The milk in the cup has gone bad.這里the表示特指。)
5)三餐名詞前通常不用冠詞,如:have supper,after breakfast,但三餐名詞前如果有形容詞修飾時(shí),要用不定冠詞,如:a big supper,a quick breakfast等。
6)在稱呼、頭銜、職位前。。如
What can I do for you,sir.
7)在某些固定詞組和習(xí)慣用語中。如:by motorcycle/air/train,at night,in trouble, go to church,put into jail等。
4.在某些名詞前用冠詞或不用冠詞,其意義有所不同。如:
go to church(去做禮拜)???? go to the church(到那座教堂去)
in class(在上課時(shí))??????????? in the class(在班級中)
in charge of(負(fù)責(zé))?????????? in the charge of(由……負(fù)責(zé))
in hospital(生病住院)?????? in the hospital(在醫(yī)院里工作或參觀)
at table(在吃飯)???????????? at the table(在桌子旁)
take place(發(fā)生)???????????? take the place(代替)
in front of(在……的前面)??? in the front of(在……前部)
keep house(管理家務(wù))????? keep the house(呆在家里)