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商英君常常在后臺收到疑問:想要進(jìn)修職場英語,有什么樣的學(xué)習(xí)材料?
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對于這樣的朋友,小編我總是推薦看BEC教材,或者去做幾套真題。
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這是因?yàn)锽EC考試盛行多年,總結(jié)出的實(shí)用規(guī)則和技巧,確實(shí)是職場人必備的知識儲備。
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今天,我們就借著BEC考試寫作模塊,一方面可以給即將考BEC的考友們做個寫作思路梳理,同時可看看工作中,商務(wù)寫作有哪些注意點(diǎn)。
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01 商務(wù)信函種類、各類型寫作套路
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國外曾出版過一本經(jīng)典商務(wù)寫作指導(dǎo)熱門書,叫Powerful Business Writing
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里面總結(jié)過職場寫作涉及到的7種文書類型,分別是:
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Information or acceptance 提供信息、表示接受
Sales or persuasion 銷售、說服對方
Request 請求
Complain 抱怨
Rejection 拒絕
Collection 征收
Goodwill 示好
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這本書講,別看有7種,但是不管是寫那種商務(wù)信函,都遵循 BME三模塊
即:B 開頭(Beginning),M 中間(Middle),E 結(jié)尾(End)。
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但由于撰寫的目的不同,往BME三部分里填充的內(nèi)容并不一樣,比如:
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1. Information or acceptance 提供信息、表示接受
B: 引入話題
M: 討論或解釋
E: 表達(dá)你希望對方采取的行動
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2. Sales or persuasion 銷售、說服對方
B: 通過提出一個理念或提供一項(xiàng)產(chǎn)品服務(wù)來吸引對方注意
M: 使用一系列事實(shí),曉之以理、動之以情
E: 呼吁對方

3. Request 請求
B: 說明你的需求
M: 描述你需求的原因
E: 請求幫助并表示感謝
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4. Complain 抱怨
B: 說明問題出處
M: 提供充足的細(xì)節(jié),以便對方幫助
E: 表達(dá)你希望對方采取的行動
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5. Rejection 拒絕
B:對對方表示同情,拉近關(guān)系
M:將拒絕委婉提出,并且放在中間。說明拒絕的原因時也要給對方留情面
E:強(qiáng)調(diào)對于該局面的積極面
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6. Collection 征收
B: 有禮貌地表達(dá),提供對方未付款的信息
M: 有禮貌地要求對方及時付款
E: 表達(dá)如果付款不能及時到賬時你將采取的行動,并隨信附送回信信封
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7. Goodwill 示好
B: 表達(dá)感謝、贊美、祝賀、同情,或者邀請
M: 提供非正式的較私人的信息
E: 以熱情的方式結(jié)尾
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也就是說不管是BEC考試,還是日常商務(wù)寫作中,基本上都逃不過這7種類型。寫作的時候,只要根據(jù)類型,套用以上模板就可以了。
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02 商務(wù)寫作常用連接詞
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大邏輯清楚了,接下來是信函中的小邏輯。
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連接詞是信函中不可或缺的成分,也是意思過渡、轉(zhuǎn)折的“潤滑劑”。
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在小編我上學(xué)的時候,外教曾說:外國人看中國人寫英文文章,判斷這個人寫作邏輯是否嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),關(guān)鍵就是連接詞用得是否恰當(dāng)。
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下面就給大家介紹一些常用連接詞。

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當(dāng)然啦,不僅局限于單詞,很多句子和短語也可以作為連接過渡使用,比如:
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That brings us to the next step, which is …
正好這是我們下面要說的,就是……
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Now that we’ve settled that problem, let’s look at …
這個問題已經(jīng)解決了,下面我們來看看……
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Unfortunately, in this case, we won’t be able to …
不好意思,在這個方案里,我們不能……
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In addition to budget constraints, there’s another matter we have to discuss.
除了預(yù)算限制,我們還要討論另外一個問題,
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This relates directly to the question I put to you before…
這正好和我之前提到的一個問題相關(guān)
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That brings me to the end of my presentation. I've talked about…
以上就是我想講的,我們談?wù)摿恕?/span>
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Well, that's about it for now. We've covered…
以上就是全部了,我們說了……
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Perhaps I can rephrase that.
也許我可以再解釋下,是這樣……
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Put another way, this means…
換種說法,這意味著……
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03 商務(wù)寫作7C原則
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在國外,商務(wù)寫作有一個必須遵循的原則,簡稱為7C原則。即:Completeness, Conciseness, Correctness, Concreteness, Clarify, Courtesy, Consideration
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#1 Completeness 完整度
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Any business communications should be complete and should convey all the facts needed by a given audience. Complete communication saves costs as no backtracking need occur. It also helps in decision making since the intended audience gets all of the information required.
商務(wù)溝通信息必須是完整的,將全部事實(shí),傳達(dá)給既定受眾。完整的信息能節(jié)省成本,因?yàn)榭梢宰屖鼙姴恍枰倩厮?。而且,因?yàn)槟繕?biāo)受眾已獲得所需的所有信息,這對于決策也有很大幫助。
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完整包括所有有關(guān)“who、what、where、when、why、how等信息。
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比如寫一封order的時候,我們應(yīng)該考慮貨物是什么,什么時候需要,貨物由誰運(yùn)輸然后誰接收,最后以什么樣的付款方式。
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#2 Conciseness 簡潔度
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Communications should be concise. Needless words can muddy the message, and a concise message is more comprehensible to the audience.
商務(wù)溝通應(yīng)該簡明扼要。不必要的話會讓混淆視聽,簡明扼要的消息對觀眾來說更容易理解。
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簡潔指在不違背其他C原則的前提下盡量使用最少的的詞匯來表達(dá)自己的意思。
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簡潔的反面就是Wordiness(冗長),一般有三種情況:
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A. Circumlocution(委婉迂回)使用過長的表達(dá)
B. Vague qualifiers(模糊修飾語)使用沒有意義形容詞和副詞
C. Padding(補(bǔ)白)表達(dá)沒有意義,只是填補(bǔ)空缺
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做個小練習(xí)--如何長話短說?

1. I have caused enquiries to be made with a view to establishing the reasons for our inability to supply your order.
2. That is really productive meeting.
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答案

1. I have enquired into the reason why we can’t supply your order.
2. That is a productive meeting.
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如何做到簡潔?
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1. 一個詞替代詞組
In the near future--soon;
will you be kind enough to--please
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2. 避免一些which/that 從句
The receipt that is enclosed documents(V.) your purchase.
改為:The enclosed receipt documents your purchase.
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3. 同一句話避免使用相同的詞匯
Please quote your best price for your best quality.
改為:Please quote your lowest price for your best quality.
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4. 避免無意義的表達(dá)
Please be advised that your admission statement was received.
改為:Your admission statement was received.
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5. 避免不必要的介詞短語
The issue of most relevance is teamwork.
改為:The most relevant issue is teamwork.
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6. 控制被動語態(tài)的使用
The total balance due(總額) will be found on page 2 of this report.
改為:The balance due is on page 2 of this report.
改為:You will see the balance due on page 2.
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#3 Correctness 正確性
Correctness means the message has been crafted using proper punctuation, spelling and grammar. A letter with incorrect usage puts you in an obviously bad light.
正確性意味著使用正確的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號、拼寫正確,沒有語法錯誤。如果一封商務(wù)信函錯誤連篇,寫信的人給人留下的印象會非常不好。
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做個小練習(xí)--修改句子問題

1.? Well chosen words are likely to be short and natural words.
2. The principals of effective letters and memorandums are similiar.
3. An efficient and concerned personal department builds employee morale.
4. The box, together with the baskets, were sent to the shipping room.
5. Jim and Paul are good friends of Mary and I.
6. In countries where two or more languages co-exist confusion often arises.
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答案

1. Well-chosen words are likely to be short and natural words.
2. The principles of effective letters and memorandums are similar.
3. An efficient and concerned Personnel Department builds employee morale.
4. The box, together with the baskets, was sent to the shipping room.
5. Jim and Paul are good friends of Mary and me.
6. In countries where two or more languages co-exist, confusion often arises.

# 4 Concreteness 具體性
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Lack of concreteness is perhaps the biggest mistake business communicators make. Communication that is particular rather than general strengthens confidence in the audience. Concrete communication is supported with facts and figures, and the message is typically not misinterpreted.
缺乏具體性是商務(wù)溝通的大忌。具體的,而非籠統(tǒng)的信息能讓受眾加強(qiáng)信心。具體的信息應(yīng)該包括事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù),而且不會讓人讀了之后產(chǎn)生誤解。
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所謂具體,就是盡量使用明確、具體的詞匯。
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這樣你的信函將更為專業(yè)、準(zhǔn)確、有趣并且有力。舉個例子:
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#5 Clarify 清晰度
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Clarity puts the emphasis on a specific message rather than on too many messages at once. This lets the audience assimilate information without having to decipher a garbled message. Clarity is especially useful in instructing employees about complicated new processes or procedures.
所謂清楚,就是要求一次把一個問題講透,而不是什么都講。這樣受眾能夠更好消化信息,而不是在冗雜的信息中來回摸索。在教員工復(fù)雜的新流程或程序時,溝通的清晰度尤其重要。
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商務(wù)寫作,在于“在正確的場合使用正確的詞匯”,具體而言:
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1? 使用短小、熟悉并且在會話中經(jīng)常使用的詞匯,然后將其有效地組句成段。
2? 一句話不要講述過多的思想,一句話最多講一個點(diǎn)。
3? 每句話不超過17-20個詞。
4? 如果情況允許,可以使用一些直觀輔助,像舉個例子、做個圖表等等。
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現(xiàn)在,試試將下面意義相同的詞匯配對。
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#6 Courtesy 禮貌性
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Courtesy in an interchange means both the sender and receiver of the message are polite at all costs and the viewpoints and feelings of both are taken into consideration. Business people need to be courteous even in the face of disagreements, as disagreements will not be resolved in a contentious atmosphere.
在商務(wù)溝通中,消息發(fā)送發(fā)和接收方都應(yīng)該秉承禮貌的原則,考慮對方的觀點(diǎn)和感受。即使面對分歧,生意人也需要保持禮節(jié),畢竟在爭議對抗的環(huán)境中,問題是沒法解決的。
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如何體現(xiàn):
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及時回信
避免使用冒犯的語言(例如帶有歧視的語言)
脾氣溫和
多為對方考慮
體現(xiàn)對方能獲得的益處
強(qiáng)調(diào)積極怡人的信息
誠實(shí)完整
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#7 Consideration 體貼
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Consideration means respecting your business audience and putting yourself in their shoes. A message delivered in an empathetic fashion will usually stimulate a positive response. Talking down to subordinates shows a lack of consideration.
體貼意味著尊重你的商業(yè)伙伴,并為他們設(shè)身處地考慮。飽含同理心的信息往往能得到正向的回復(fù)。用高人一等的語氣和下屬講話,就是缺乏同理心的表現(xiàn)。
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04 BEC考試常用寫作句式
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1.The purpose of this report is to.../The report aims to...
2.As regards to.../The key findings are summerised bellow...
3.I recommend to.../It was concluded that...
4.It can be seen from the chart that significantly...-er...than...
5.According to the graph, we see a different trend emerging.
6.The number of... increased/dropped by %.
7.The graph shows the percentage of...
8.We can see that... swell during the... hours, peaking at...
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文章篇幅有限,需要更多商務(wù)寫作句式的同學(xué),請回復(fù)“商務(wù)句型”,即可獲?。?/div>
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