科學(xué)研究表明：11個暴露個性的小習(xí)慣

Even small behaviors can be a window into your overall approach to life.

We dug up psychological research and expert opinion on what different daily habits might reveal about you. Note that none of this information is definitive, and that these general findings might not apply to you specifically. Rather, they can provide starting points for learning more about your own and others' motivations.

A visit to the drugstore could tell you a whole lot about the person you're with.
Do they scrutinize the ingredients on each tube of toothpaste until they find one that suits their needs? Or do they choose one quickly and assume they know exactly how it works?

That first type of consumer is what scientists call an "explanation fiend"; the second is an "explanation foe."

A series of experiments published in 2012 found that explanation fiends score high on measures of cognitive reflection, meaning they analyze information to death and prefer lots of detail about products. Explanation foes, on the other hand, score low on measures of cognitive reflection, meaning they don't do well with so many details and prefer more general information.

Relationship expert Gilda Carle surveyed 2,000 men and women about the way they hang their toilet paper. She also asked them to fill out surveys about how assertive they were in their relationships.

As Carle told The Independent, results showed that those who roll the toilet paper over tend to be more dominant, while those who roll it under tend to be more submissive.
Interestingly, some people reported that they change the direction of the roll no matter where they are--and those people were more likely to have dominant personalities.

The Huffington Post spoke to experts on food-related behaviors and learned that our eating habits can say a lot about our personalities.

Specifically, slow eaters generally like to be in control and know how to appreciate life. Fast eaters tend to be ambitious, goal-oriented, open to new experiences, and often impatient.

Adventurous eaters probably like to step out of their comfort zones, while picky eaters are likely neurotic in different areas of their lives. Finally, those who separate different foods on their plate are inclined to be detail oriented and disciplined.

The only thing that research suggests we can accurately predict from someone's walk is how vulnerable they feel. In one 2013 study, researchers asked inmates to watch video clips of different people walking and judge which were most vulnerable to victimization.

Results showed that inmates who scored higher on measures of psychopathy were more likely to pick out walkers who had been victimized in the past. When asked why they made their judgments, many said they could tell by the way the person walked.

Psychologist James Pennebaker has spent years studying function words, such as "the," "this," and "I."

He's found that the way we use these words can provide clues to our gender, age, mental health status, and whether we're romantically interested in our conversation partner.

For example, Pennebaker and colleagues listened to recordings of speed dates between men and women and found that when couples used similar language styles--specifically, when they used similar function words--they were more likely to go on a date.

As NPR reports, that's not because the couples were more similar to begin with--the researchers observed this phenomenon even among people who were very different. Instead, it's probably because we shift our language when we're interested in someone.

Writing in Fast Company, psychologist Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic says that extroverts are more likely to talk about fun-related things, like music and parties. People with lower emotional intelligence tend to use emotional and negative words, such as "depressed" and "angry."

Perhaps unsurprisingly, narcissists generally talk about themselves, using words such as "I," "me," and "mine."

Just because your friend is always late doesn't necessarily mean he's inconsiderate.
One study found that those who are chronically late are probably more laid-back, "Type B" individuals.

Meanwhile, psychologist Linda Sapadin told The Atlantic that she sees four types of personalities who are always late (you can be a combination of all four).

The perfectionist won't leave the house until everything is in order. The crisis maker gets a high from racing to meet the deadline. The defier is rebelling against authority and societal norms. The dreamer is overly optimistic about how much they can get done in a certain amount of time.

There's a reason why some people engage in what scientists call "body-focused repetitive behaviors" (BFRB), like biting their nails, pulling their hair, or picking their skin.

In one 2015 study, researchers filmed people while they were in a situation that was stressful, frustrating, relaxing, or boring. Results showed that those who scored high on measures of perfectionism were more likely to display these behaviors, especially in the stressful, frustrating, and boring conditions.

As Scientific American reports, boredom may be a trigger for BFRB because those behaviors may be a way for perfectionists to feel better by doing something instead of nothing.

Recent research reveals what it means if you're constantly staring at that screen. The 2015 study measured cell phone "addiction" by asking people how much they agreed with statements such as "I get agitated when my cell phone is not in sight" and "I spend more time than I should on my cell phone."

Results showed that emotional instability was a key predictor of cell-phone addiction.
Interestingly, the study also found that introverts--people who expressed feelings of shyness and bashfulness--were less likely to be addicted to their phones.

Those who file and delete emails as soon as they receive them may have a greater need for control and order in their lives.

Those who save emails--meaning they read them but don't delete them--may be perfectionists, who think they'll get around to addressing those messages eventually.

Lastly, those who leave emails unread, without filing or deleting them, may feel overwhelmed. Alternatively, they may also be smart because they recognize that reading those emails isn't helping them make substantive progress.

The only accurate observation students made was that positive emotion in a selfie generally predicted the person's openness to experience.

Researchers also found that friendlier people were more likely to take pictures from below; more conscientious people were less likely to reveal a private space in the background; those who were open to new experiences were more likely to display positive emotions; and neurotic people were more likely to make a duck face.