WRONG:Write the report until 5 pm.
RIGHT: Write the report by 5 pm.

Write the report until 5 pm means “Start writing the report now, continue writing it until 5 pm, then stop writing it regardless of whether it is finished or not.”

當(dāng)你使用“until”意味著“從現(xiàn)在開始寫報(bào)告,一直寫,寫到下午五點(diǎn),然后不管你寫沒寫完,都不能再寫了”。

Write the report by 5 pm means “Make sure that at 5 pm the letter is written and finished”.
當(dāng)你使用“by”就表示“確保一定要在下午五點(diǎn)前寫完這封信”。

Use “by” when you refer to a deadline.
使用“by”,你指的是一個(gè)最后期限。

Use “until” when you refer to the period of time before a deadline.
使用“until”,你指的是在最后期限之前的一段時(shí)間。

Here’s a summary:
總結(jié):

1.I can do it by 5 pm.
我能在下午五點(diǎn)前做完。

2.I can do it until 5 pm.
我會(huì)做到下午五點(diǎn)(不管有沒有完成)。

3.I can’t do it by 5 pm.
下午五點(diǎn)前我做不完。

4.I can’t do it until 5 pm.
我要到下午五點(diǎn)才能開始做。

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